汪洋,陈枢舒,魏鑫,孔丽华,洪学海,廖方宇.生物技术启发下的信息技术革新[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(1):43-51.
生物技术启发下的信息技术革新
Information Technology Innovation Inspired by Biotechnology
生物技术启发下的信息技术革新
Information Technology Innovation Inspired by Biotechnology
作者
汪洋
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
WANG Yang
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
陈枢舒
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
CHEN Shushu
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
魏鑫
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
WEI Xin
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
孔丽华
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
KONG Lihua
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
洪学海
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190;中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
HONG Xuehai
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
廖方宇
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
LIAO Fangyu
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
WANG Yang
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
陈枢舒
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
CHEN Shushu
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
魏鑫
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
WEI Xin
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
孔丽华
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
KONG Lihua
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
洪学海
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190;中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
HONG Xuehai
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
廖方宇
中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 北京 100190
LIAO Fangyu
Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
信息技术;DNA存储;人工智能;神经形态计算;类脑芯片;仿生学
英文关键词
information technology;DNA storage;artificial intelligence;neuromorphological computing;brain like chips;bionics
中文摘要
仿生概念将生物学和工程技术结合在一起，以最灵活、最高效、最可靠、最经济的方式，为人们改善和创造新的技术设备、促进技术革新、解决技术难题提供新原理、新方法和新途径。在大数据与智能化的时代背景下，信息技术虽不断向前发展但仍然面临诸多挑战，海量数据爆发式增长带来的存储、计算和分析需求，以及随其而来的能耗、效能挑战，迫切需要信息技术寻求新的发展方向。借助生物技术的启发，从生物结构中寻找信息技术革新方案，正成为国际前沿研究方向。DNA数据存储和神经形态计算，作为当前活跃的新兴研究领域，是两个具有代表性的方向，未来发展前景十分广阔。文章主要从这两个方向的发展现状及趋势出发，尝试分析受生物技术启发的信息技术发展的动因、趋势及前景。未来20年，将是生命领域与信息领域交叉融合的重要时间窗口。通过向生命系统学习和模拟，以及借鉴生物技术研究提供的新思路、新原理和新理论，信息领域将会产生若干颠覆性的技术与应用，并影响整个学术界与产业界。
英文摘要
The concept of bionics combines biology and engineering technology to provide people with new principles, methods, and ways to improve and create new equipment, promote technological innovation, and solve technical problems in the most flexible, efficient, reliable, and economical way. Although information technology continues to develop, it still faces many challenges in the era of big data and intelligence. With the explosive growth of massive data, the demand of storage, calculation, and analysis, and its energy consumption and efficiency challenges, information technology is urgently needed to find a new development direction. Inspired by biotechnology, it is becoming an international frontier research direction to find information technology innovation scheme from biological structure. As active new research fields, DNA data storage and neural morphological computation as well as related research are representative directions, which have broad future development prospects. Based on the development status and trend of these two research directions, this study attempts to analyze the motivation, trend, and prospect of information technology development inspired by biotechnology. The next two decades will be an important time window for the cross integration of life field and information field. By learning and simulating from life system, and drawing on the new ideas, principles and theories provided by biotechnology research, the information field will produce a number of subversive technologies and applications, and it will affect the entire academic and industrial sessions.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20191212001
作者简介
汪洋 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心信息化发展战略与评估中心主任。专业方向为信息化发展战略研究、大数据分析、态势感知系统。先后主持、参与了中国科学院信息化专项、烟草大数据重大专项等科研项目,以及国家信息化专家咨询委、中国互联网发展基金会、中国科学院学部咨询等软课题10余项,参与《中国科学院"十三五"信息化发展规划》、中国科学院"数据与计算平台"规划、"国家科研信息化发展战略研究"等规划、报告编制工作;在SCI/EI、中文核心等刊物上发表学术论文20余篇。
E-mail:wangyang@cnic.cn
WANG Yang Ph.D.,head of Center of Information Strategy and Evaluation,Computer Network Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).His major research areas are big data analysis,situational awareness system,and strategy research on e-Science.He has presided and participated in more than 10 projects from Informatization Plan of CAS,Tobacco Research Data,and Advisory Committee for State Informatization,China Internet Development Foundation,and Academic Divisions of the CAS.He also took part in the research and composition of the reports for CAS Informatization Development Plan of Thirteenth Five-Year Plan,CAS Data and Computing Platform Planning,and National Scientific Research Informatization Development Strategy.He has published more than 20 academic papers either indexed by SCI/EI or in selected Chinese journals.
E-mail:wangyang@cnic.cn
E-mail:wangyang@cnic.cn
WANG Yang Ph.D.,head of Center of Information Strategy and Evaluation,Computer Network Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).His major research areas are big data analysis,situational awareness system,and strategy research on e-Science.He has presided and participated in more than 10 projects from Informatization Plan of CAS,Tobacco Research Data,and Advisory Committee for State Informatization,China Internet Development Foundation,and Academic Divisions of the CAS.He also took part in the research and composition of the reports for CAS Informatization Development Plan of Thirteenth Five-Year Plan,CAS Data and Computing Platform Planning,and National Scientific Research Informatization Development Strategy.He has published more than 20 academic papers either indexed by SCI/EI or in selected Chinese journals.
E-mail:wangyang@cnic.cn
