赵林,胡国杰,邹德富,吴晓东,马露,孙哲,原黎明,周华云,刘世博.青藏高原多年冻土变化对水文过程的影响[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(11):1233-1246.

青藏高原多年冻土变化对水文过程的影响

Permafrost Changes and Its Effects on Hydrological Processes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
作者
赵林
南京信息工程大学 地理科学学院 南京 210044
ZHAO Lin
School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
胡国杰
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000
HU Guojie
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
邹德富
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000
ZOU Defu
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
吴晓东
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000
WU Xiaodong
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
马露
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
MA Lu
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
孙哲
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
SUN Zhe
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
原黎明
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
YUAN Liming
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
周华云
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
ZHOU Huayun
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
刘世博
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
LIU Shibo
Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
中文关键词
         多年冻土;活动层;温度;土壤含水量;降水
英文关键词
        permafrost;active layer;temperature;soil moisture content;precipitation
中文摘要
        在全球气候变暖背景下,青藏高原多年冻土发生着不同程度的退化,从而对区域气候、水文和生态过程产生了显著影响。文章在青藏高原多年冻土区长期观测资料的基础上,结合再分析资料,分析了近10年来多年冻土区气温和降水的变化特征,并对活动层厚度、地温和土壤含水量的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明,近10年来青藏高原不同站点多年冻土发生了显著的变化,活动层厚度增加,地温升高以及活动层底部土壤含水量增加。从区域尺度来看,1980-2018年多年冻土区降水和土壤含水量呈现显著增加趋势。这些变化可能是导致青藏高原多年冻土区水文过程、湖泊面积变化和地表形变等的主要原因。结果有助于进一步认识多年冻土变化对区域环境的影响,可为冻土与水循环相互作用关系的机理研究提供思路,为寒区环境保护、工程设计和施工提供参考经验。
英文摘要
        Under the background of global warming, permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been experienced a significant degradation, which may have effects on regional climate, hydrological and ecological processes. Based on long-term observation data in permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and reanalysis data, the variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation in permafrost region in recent ten years were analyzed, and the variation trends of active layer thickness, ground temperature and soil water content were examined in this study. The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and soil water content in permafrost region from 1980 to 2018 were presented. The results showed that the permafrost in different regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has changed significantly in the past ten years. The thickness of the active layer and the ground temperature has increased, and the soil water content at the bottom of the active layer has increased. At the regional scale, the precipitation and soil water content in permafrost region increased significantly from 1980 to 2018. The possible impacts of permafrost degradation on hydrological processes, lake area changes and surface deformation were discussed. The results are helpful to understand the impact of permafrost changes on regional environment, deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of the interaction between permafrost and water cycle, and provide a scientific basis for environmental protection, engineering design and construction in cold regions.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.11.006
作者简介
赵林 南京信息工程大学教授。中国冰冻圈科学学会理事,中国青藏高原研究会常务理事等。发表论文150余篇,其中SCI收录刊物80余篇,专著2部。政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四、五次评估报告第一工作组贡献作者。曾主持国家自然科学基金委员会重点项目、面上项目,科技部国家科技基础条件平台项目、基础性工作专项项目、国家基础研究重大项目。主要从事青藏高原多年冻土及其与气候、水文和生态过程相互作用方面的研究工作。
E-mail:lzhao@nuist.edu.cn
ZHAO Lin Professor of the Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology.He has more than 150 scientific publications,including approximate 80 journal papers indexed by the SCI and 7 monographs or book chapters.He was a contributor author of the Working Group I of the Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).His major contributions include:establishing the monitoring network of permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP),ascertaining the spatial distributions of permafrost,ground ice,soil types,vegetation types,soil organic carbon,and soil total nitrogen on the QTP,revealing the spatial variation of permafrost in the high-altitude regions of the central Asia,elucidating the hydrothermal coupling and biogeochemical processes of the active layer thickness during the freezing and thawing processes and their physical mechanisms.These key findings were founded by the State Key Programs and General Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,the National Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,the Key Program of CAS,and the National R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of China.
E-mail:lzhao@nuist.edu.cn
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