陈亚宁,郝兴明,陈亚鹏,朱成刚.新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(10):1156-1164.

新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究

Study on Water System Connectivity and Ecological Protection Countermeasures of Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang
作者
陈亚宁
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
CHEN Yaning
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
郝兴明
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
HAO Xingming
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
陈亚鹏
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
CHEN Yapeng
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
朱成刚
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830011;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
ZHU Chenggang
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
中文关键词
         内陆河;水系连通;断流河道;生态受损;塔里木河
英文关键词
        inland river;water system connected;cut off river;ecological damage;Tarim River Basin
中文摘要
        塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,由“九源一干”144条河流水系构成。目前仅阿克苏河、和田河、叶尔羌河以及开都—孔雀河与塔里木河干流有地表水力联系。流域内水系连通与生态保护问题十分突出,断流河道下游成为过去30年塔里木河流域生态退化最为严重区域。文章结合实地调研和样地调查,系统分析了塔里木河流域水系连通存在的问题,指出流域水系连通性差,抵御极端气候水文事件的能力不足;耕地面积不断扩大,农业用水比例过高,严重挤占了生态用水,导致河道断流,河流肢解,流域水系统完整性被破坏;地下水超采引起地下水位大幅下降,地表生态过程受损,生态隐忧凸显。针对此提出:(1)从机制、体制上推动和实现塔里木河流域水资源科学管理,将断流的5源流纳入塔里木河流域管理局统一管理;(2)科学确定绿洲适宜规模,退耕还水,以水定地、以水定发展;(3)实施流域地表水、地下水统一管理,提升流域水资源监控与综合调度管控能力。
英文摘要
        The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and had historically nine river systems and one main stream with 144 rivers. At present, only the Aksu River, the Hetian River, the Yarkant River, and the Kaidu-Kongque River have surface hydraulic connections with the main stream of the Tarim River. The connectivity of river systems and ecological protection in the Tarim River Basin are very prominent. In the past 30 years, the downstream of the cut-off river has become the most serious area of ecological degradation in the Tarim River Basin. Based on field investigation and sample pilot survey, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the river system connectivity of the Tarim River Basin, and points out that the connectivity of the river system is poor and the ability to withstand extreme climatic hydrological events is insufficient. The area of cultivated land continues to expand, and the proportion of agricultural water use is too high, which strongly occupies the ecological water use, leading to the cutoff of river channels, dismember of rivers, and damage to the integrity of river basin water system. The groundwater overexploitation causes the groundwater level to drop sharply, the surface ecology process is damaged, and the ecology hidden worry is prominent. In view of this, the following points are put forward:(1) promote and realize scientific management of water resources in Tarim River Basin from mechanism and system. Brought the five source streams that have been cut off into the unified management of the Tarim River Basin Authority; (2) determine the appropriate scale of oasis scientifically, and determine the cultivated area and scale of economic development by water resource; (3) implement unified management of surface water and groundwater, and improve the capacity of the monitoring and comprehensive control of water resources in the river basins.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.10.018
作者简介
陈亚宁 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所研究员、博士生导师,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室主任,新疆生态学会副理事长,国际水文协会(IAHS)遥感分会副主席。主要从事干旱区水资源与地表过程研究。发表SCI论文300余篇,其中第一作者或通讯作者文章176篇;出版《中国西北干旱区水资源研究》等论著16部;在Hydrological processes、Hydrology and Earth System Sciences、Ecohydrology、Environmental management、Scientific Reports等SCI期刊编辑专辑5期。成果曾获新疆科技进步奖一等奖5项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。荣获新疆科技进步奖特等奖、何梁何利基金科学与创新奖、全国五一劳动奖、全国优秀科技工作者、全国创新争先奖等荣誉。
E-mail:chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn
CHEN Yaning Ph.D.,doctoral supervisor,professor,Director of State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).He is the deputy president of Xinjiang Ecological Society,and vice president of Remote Sensing Branch of International Association of Hydrological Sciences(IAHS).He paid much attention and put much effort for promoting water resources and surface processes of arid region studies.He published more than 300 papers indexed by SCI(including 176 papers as first or corresponding authors),and 16 monographs such as Water Resources Research in Northwest China etc.Besides,he edited 5 special issues of SCI journals as guest editor(such as Hydrological Processes,Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,Ecohydrology,Environmental Management,and Scientific Reports).Prof.Chen has won 5 First Class Prizes of Xinjiang Scientific and Technological Progress Award,and 4 Second Class Prizes of the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award.He was selected into the First National Program For Hundreds of Thousands of Talents in The New Century,and won the National May First Labor Medal,Xinjiang Special Prize For Scientific and Technological Progress,Science and Innovation Award of Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation,National Outstanding Scientific and Technological Workers,National Innovation Competition Award,and other honors.
E-mail:chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn
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