黎润红,张大庆.青蒿素：从中国传统药方到全球抗疟良药[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(9):1046-1057.

青蒿素：从中国传统药方到全球抗疟良药

Artemisinin: From Traditional Chinese Medicine to Global Antimalarial Drug

黎润红
北京大学 医学人文学院 北京 100191
LI Runhong
The School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
张大庆
北京大学 医学人文学院 北京 100191
ZHANG Daqing
The School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

         抗疟药;青蒿素;青蒿素类衍生物;523任务

        antimalarial drug;artemisinin;artemisinin derivatives;523 mission

        青蒿素是从中国传统药物青蒿中提取的抗疟药物。青蒿素及其衍生物、复方的应用为全球疟疾耐药性难题提供了有效的解决方案。青蒿素及其衍生物作为全球疟疾治疗的首选药物，解除了数百万疟疾患者的病痛，因此在青蒿素研制中作出了突出贡献的屠呦呦成为因为在中国本土进行的科学研究而首次获诺贝尔科学奖的中国科学家。青蒿素的发现是在一个特殊的社会文化环境中完成的，是一个任务（"523任务"）带动科研和学科发展的典型案例，是国家需要与科学研究相互促进的结果。文章回顾青蒿素研发的历史，考察在设备、技术条件相对落后的情况下，如何通过有组织的科研协作、多机构的优势整合而取得突破的经验，探讨社会、政治、文化与基础研究、开发应用之间的互动关系，从中汲取经验与教益。

        Artemisinin and its derivatives and compounds has become a world-famous anti-malaria drug nowadays. Artemisinin and its derivatives, as the drug of first choice for the treatment of malaria worldwide, have relieved the suffering of millions of malaria patients. Therefore, Youyou Tu, who has made outstanding contributions to the development of artemisinin, became the first Chinese native scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The discovery of artemisinin was made in a fairly complex social and cultural environment. This is an typical example of a mission-driven process accompnied by the development of scientific research and filed progress. The discovery of artemisin was the result of mutual-interaction as well as mutual-promotion of national needs and scientific research. Reviewing the history of artemisinin research and development, and examining how to achieve breakthroughs through organized research collaboration and multi-institutional advantages integration in the context of relatively backward equipment and technical conditions, this article is aimed to explore the interactions of social, political, cultural factors, basic research and technology development. The experience and lessons from this research are valuable for futher development.