张久春,张柏春.规划科学技术：《1956—1967年科学技术发展远景规划》的制定与实施[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(9):982-991.

规划科学技术：《1956—1967年科学技术发展远景规划》的制定与实施

Planning Science and Technology: Working out and Implementing the Long-term Program for Developing Sciences and Technology from 1956 to 1967

张久春
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
ZHANG Jiuchun
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张柏春
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
ZHANG Baichun
The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         规划;科学;技术;十二年科技规划

        planning;science;technology;the 12-Year Program

        根据过渡时期总路线，国务院在1956年主持制定《1956-1967年科学技术发展远景规划》（简称"十二年科技规划"），规划制定过程中形成了"以任务带学科"的规划科技模式。"十二年科技规划"由57项任务构成，其中以原子弹、导弹、计算机、半导体、无线电电子学、自动学和远距离操纵为最紧要项目。为了制定和实施该规划，国家充分利用中国科学院等本国科技力量，同时借助了苏联的援助。经过不懈努力，终于取得重大科技成就，提前完成"十二年科技规划"。这使我国补全了学科门类并拉近了与世界先进科技水平的距离，对我国科技、国防、经济和社会的发展产生了深远的影响。

        In 1956, Chinese State Council launched the "Long-term Program for Developping Sciences and Technology from 1956 to 1967" according to the goals identified in the Communist Party's general policy for the transition period. The framers of the program proposed the principle of "letting tasks lead diciplines" as an effective policy model for planning science and technology. The 12-Year Program consists of 57 research tasks, among which 6 urgent projects such as the nuclear weapon, the missile, computing technology, semiconductor technology, radio electronics, and automatic and long-distance control technology were given high priority. In order to formulate and realize the program, Chinese government took full advantage of domestic institutions, such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also got aids from the Soviet Union. Through unremitting efforts, China made great achievements, and completed the 12-Year Program in advance. In fact, the Program helped to fulfil or reinforce very weak fields in new disciplines, fundamental and high technologies, and greatly bridged the gap in science and technology between China and the advanced countries. It really exercised a profound influence upon the Chinese science, technology, national defence, economy and society.