孙烈.中国科技体制的演变[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(9):970-981.

中国科技体制的演变

Evolution of Chinese Science and Technology System

孙烈
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
SUN Lie
The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         科技体制;演变;改革;生产力;机制;动力

        science and technology system;evolution;reform;productivity;mechanism;driving force

        中国现代科技体制的演变，历经体系初建、全面规划、体制改革、构建国家创新体系4个时期。文章通过回顾史实，探讨各时期科技体制的指导思想、目标与举措的变化。研究表明，有利于科技与经济的结合，是中国科技体制的重要特征；国家发展的目标与需求、世界科技发展的前沿与趋势，是中国科技体制演变的两种主要动力来源。

        The Chinese contemporary science and technology system has gone through four periods, namely, the initial construction of the system, the comprehensive planning, the system reform and the construction of the state's innovation system. While reviewing historical evidence, the study explores the changes of the guiding ideologies, the objectives and the measures of Chinese science and technology system in different periods. The research shows that a major attribute of Chinese science and technology system is that it has always facilitated the integration of science and technology into economy. On the one hand, the system has been centering on the objectives and needs of the country's development; on the other hand, the system has been closely tracing the forefronts and trends of the world scientific and technological development. These two features constitute two major driving forces in the evolution of Chinese science and technology system.