郑兴波,于大炮,王安志,戴冠华.长期监测与野外控制试验揭示温带典型森林结构、功能及演变规律[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(8):948-961.

长期监测与野外控制试验揭示温带典型森林结构、功能及演变规律

Long-term Monitoring and Field Control Experiments Reveal the Structure, Function and Evolution of Typical Temperate Forests

郑兴波
1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110016;
2 中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 沈阳 110016
ZHENG Xingbo
1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2 Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
于大炮
1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110016;
2 中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 沈阳 110016
YU Dapao
1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2 Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
王安志
1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110016;
2 中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 沈阳 110016
WANG Anzhi
1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2 Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
戴冠华
1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110016;
2 中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 沈阳 110016
DAI Guanhua
1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2 Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

         阔叶红松林;全球变化;生物多样性;森林生产力;森林演替

        Broad-leaved Korean pine forest;global change;biodiversity;forest productivity;forest succession

        我国温带森林生态系统是东北生态屏障的重要组成部分，不仅孕育着丰富的生物多样性，而且是我国重要的木材资源培育基地，也是我国应对气候变化的重要支撑。由于过度采伐利用，温带针阔混交林的结构和功能遭受严重影响，显著影响了区域生态安全。中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位观测研究站（以下简称“长白山站”）以揭示我国温带原始阔叶红松林的结构、功能及其演变过程为核心，开展长期综合监测和试验研究，发现了老龄林仍然具有持续碳汇能力，揭示了植被数量、大树数量以及树木水分传导率、抗栓塞能力对森林生产力具有重要影响；通过控制实验，阐明了CO₂浓度增加和氮（N）添加能够增加生态系统碳汇和碳固持能力；发现了种子结实机制和尺度在群落构建中的作用，揭示了环境过滤、扩散限制和随机稀释是阔叶红松林生物多样性形成和维持的主要机制；探索了在群落演替过程中地上—地下以及生物多样性-生产力的关系。研究成果为揭示森林生态系统碳汇及其形成与维持机制，促进温带受干扰森林生态系统结构和功能的恢复，以及构建区域生态安全等提供理论支撑。同时，长白山站与国内外科研单位、大专院校等开展合作研究；与周边林业局合作，研制和示范了森林生态系统管理决策支持系统。长白山站是我国温带重要的森林生态系统科学研究基地，也是国内产学研相结合的业务科技支撑平台和生态学、林学人才培养基地。

        The temperate forest ecosystem in China is an important part of the ecological barrier in Northeast China. It not only breeds abundant biodiversity, but also is an important timber resource cultivation base and an important support for China to cope with climate change. Due to unreasonable over-harvesting and utilization, the structure and function of temperate mixed forests have been seriously affected, which has significantly affected the regional ecological security. The Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Changbai Mountain Station), takes revealing the structure, function, and evolution process of the original broad-leaved Korean pine forest in temperate zone of China as the core, carries out long-term monitoring and experimental research, finds that the old forest still has the ability of sustainable carbon sink, and reveals the number of vegetation, the number of big trees, the water conductivity and anti-embolism ability of trees have important effects on forest productivity. It is clarified that the increase of CO₂ concentration and N addition can increase the carbon sink and carbon sequestration ability of ecosystem through control experiments. The role of mast seeding mechanism and scale in forest community construction is discovered, it revealed that the environment filtration, diffusional limitation, and random dilution are the main mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of biodiversity in broad-leaved Korean pine forests, and the relationships between abovegroundunderground and biodiversity-productivity in the process of forest community succession are explored. The research results provide theoretical support for revealing carbon sinks of forest ecosystems and their formation and maintenance mechanisms, promoting the restoration of structures and functions of disturbed temperate forest ecosystems, and building regional ecological security. At the same time, Changbai Mountain Station has cooperated with domestic and foreign scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, developed and demonstrated the decision support system of forest ecosystem management in cooperation with the local forestry bureaus. Changbai Mountain Station has become an important research base of Forest Ecosystem Science in temperate zone of China, and also a scientific research supported platform of integrated forestry industry, education, and research, as well as cradle and incubator of ecology and forestry talent in China.