万卫星,魏勇,郭正堂,徐义刚,潘永信.从深空探测大国迈向行星科学强国[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(7):748-755.

从深空探测大国迈向行星科学强国

Toward a Power of Planetary Science from a Gaint of Deep Space Exploration

万卫星
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
WAN Weixing
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
魏勇
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
WEI Yong
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
郭正堂
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
GUO Zhengtang
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
徐义刚
中国科学院大学 北京 100049;中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 广州 510640
XU Yigang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
潘永信
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
PAN Yongxin
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

         深空探测;行星科学;一级学科;国家战略

        deep space exploration;planetary science;first level disciplines;national strategy

        自伽利略1609年将望远镜指向星空迄今，已逾400年。1959年苏联"月球2号"首次抵达月球，开启深空探测时代。1969年美国"阿波罗11号"首次载人登月，催生建立行星科学。纵观人类深空探测60年，先后出现两次探测热潮、两个深空探测大国（美国、苏联）。苏联领先又衰落，仅留给历史一个深空探测大国的背影，而美国成功转型为深空探测强国，至今在世界行星科学最前沿领航。探索浩瀚宇宙，是全人类的共同梦想。作为正在发展中的深空探测大国，我国应该怎样立足国情，走出一条有中国特色的行星科学强国之路?文章参照历史，梳理现状，畅想未来，给出我们的思考：大力培养行星科学人才，尽快实现科学引领深空探测。

        It has been four hundred years since Galileo first used telescope to kick-start the scientific observation of the universe in 1609. In 1959, the Soviet Union's Luna 2 arrived at the Moon for the first time in human's history, which started the era of deep space exploration. Ten years after, the United States landed the first astronauts on the lunar surface during the historic Apollo 11 mission in 1969, which led to the born of planetary science. Looking back to the sixty-years' history of human's deep space explorations, there were two upsurges of exploration led by the Soviet Union and the United States, respectively. The Soviet Union was leading in the space race in the beginning but they went downhill later on, leaving them a country with strong deep space exploration program only to the past. In contrast, the United States became a country with strong deep space exploration program and has been a leader of the world in the planetary science field since then. Exploring the vast universe is all human being's dream. As a growing country with rapid developing deep space exploration program, how China paves a way to build a strong planetray science program with China's characteristics based on Chinese national situation? Here we look into the history, study the present status, and think of future, and we provide authors' perspectives on this question:vigorously cultivate planetary science talents and realize science leading deep space exploration as soon as possible.