潘教峰,刘益东,陈光华,张秋菊.世界科技中心转移的钻石模型——基于经济繁荣、思想解放、教育兴盛、政府支持、科技革命的历史分析与前瞻[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(1):10-21.
世界科技中心转移的钻石模型——基于经济繁荣、思想解放、教育兴盛、政府支持、科技革命的历史分析与前瞻
Diamond Model of World Science and Technology Centers Transfer: Economic Prosperity, Ideological Emancipation, Education Prosperity, Government Support, S&T Revolution
世界科技中心转移的钻石模型——基于经济繁荣、思想解放、教育兴盛、政府支持、科技革命的历史分析与前瞻
Diamond Model of World Science and Technology Centers Transfer: Economic Prosperity, Ideological Emancipation, Education Prosperity, Government Support, S&T Revolution
作者
潘教峰
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
PAN Jiaofeng
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
刘益东
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
LIU Yidong
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
陈光华
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
CHEN Guanghua
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张秋菊
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
ZHANG Qiuju
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
PAN Jiaofeng
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
刘益东
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
LIU Yidong
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
陈光华
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
CHEN Guanghua
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张秋菊
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
ZHANG Qiuju
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
世界科技中心;特征分析;转移规律;科技革命;五要素钻石模型
英文关键词
world science and technology center;characteristic analysis;transfer pattern;S&T revolution;five-element diamond model
中文摘要
近现代以来，意大利-英国-法国-德国-美国相继成为世界科学中心。经济繁荣、思想解放、教育兴盛、政府有力支持等社会因素以及科学成果涌现时机因素共同导致了世界科学中心的形成、演进与更替，五要素钻石模型可给予有效分析。科学与技术关系日益紧密，未来世界科技中心将不只一个，而是呈现出多中心并进、加速向亚太地区转移的趋势，并具有网络化、全球化等新特点。新一轮科技革命与产业变革加速演进，全球科技创新进入前所未有的密集活跃期，为我国成为世界科技中心提供了难得的"机会窗口"，当务之急是解放思想，完善人才政策，营造创新友好的环境，加快世界教育中心建设，加大政府支持力度，破解发展面临的难题，抢占前沿研究与颠覆性技术创新的先机，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，为世界和平发展和永续繁荣作出更大贡献。
英文摘要
Since modern times, Italy-England-France-Germany-the United States have become the world scientific and technological centers. Social factors, such as economic development, ideological emancipation, education prosperity, government support, as well as the emergence period of scientific and technological achievements, have led to the formation and replacement of the world science and technology center, the five-element diamond model can be used for effective analysis. The future world science and technology center may not only be one center, but also present the trend of multi-center and accelerate the transfer to the Asia-Pacific region. It has the common characteristics of science and technology center in history, and has the new characteristics of networking, globalization and so on. The world scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedented period of intense activity, providing a rare "window of opportunity" for China to establish world science and technology center. The urgent task is to perfect the talent policy, construct a friendly environment for innovation, speed up the establishment of the world education center, and preempting frontier research and subversive technological innovation, realize the Chinese Dream of great rejuvenation and make greater contributions to peaceful development and sustainable prosperity of the world.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.01.003
作者简介
潘教峰 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院院长、研究员、博士生导师,国务院研究室-中国科学院共建的中国创新战略和政策研究中心共同主任,中国发展战略学研究会理事长,中国科学技术法学会副会长,中国科技成果管理研究会副理事长,世界创新组织会士。主要从事科技战略规划、创新政策和智库理论方法研究。"百千万人才工程"国家级人选,被授予国家"有突出贡献中青年专家"荣誉称号。曾任中国科学院副秘书长、规划战略局局长、发展规划局局长、党组办公室主任、办公厅副主任,中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所所长等。参加国家科技规划、新兴产业规划的战略研究和编制,以及科技体制改革研究、政策法规制订和文件起草。主持了创新驱动发展战略顶层设计等数十项决策咨询重大课题研究、国家有关创新政策第三方评估工作。具体组织了"中国至2050年重要领域科技发展路线图"战略研究和《创新2050:科学技术与中国的未来》系列报告出版,《科技发展新态势与面向2020年的战略选择》的研究与出版等。参加中国科学院知识创新工程、"创新2020""率先行动计划"等规划和重大改革举措的研究制定和实施。
E-mail:jfpan@casisd.cn
PAN Jiaofeng Professor,President of the Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),Co-director of China Innovation Strategy and Policy Research Center funded by Research Office of the State Council and CAS,Chairman of the Chinese Association of Development Strategy Studies,Vice President of China Law Association on Science and Technology,Vice Chairman of China Association of Scientific and Technological Achievements Management,and the Fellow of World Innovation Organization.He is one of the National Talents of "Hundred,Thousand and Ten Thousand Talents Project" and was awarded the honorary title of "Young and Middle-aged Experts with Outstanding Contributions".He also served as Deputy Secretary General of CAS,Director General of Bureau of Planning and Strategy,CAS,Director General of Bureau of Development and Planning,CAS,Deputy Director General of General Office,CAS,and Director of Institute of Policy and Management,CAS.His research focuses on S&T strategic planning,innovation policy,think-tank theory and method research.He participated in the research and drafting of national S&T planning and emerging industry planning,as well as the research and relevant documents drafting of national S&T system reform.He has presided dozens of major decision-making advising research projects including top-level design of innovation-driven development strategy and third-party assessment of relevant national innovation policies.He has organized the serial strategic research:"China's S&T Roadmaps to 2050" ("Innovation 2050" for short),with serial reports have been published successively.As the general research team leader,he has organized and published Vision 2020:The Emerging Trends in S&T and Strategic Option of China.He has involved in the work of strategic research,as well as formulating and implementing the major reform measures of CAS such as "Knowledge Innovation Program","Innovation 2020",and "Pioneer Initiatives".
E-mail:jfpan@casisd.cn
刘益东 中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员,博士生导师。研究领域为科技史、科技战略、科技与社会。长期研究科技巨风险与可持续创新及发展、学术评价与人才战略、信息技术史与信息技术战略。已发表论文50多篇,个人专著1部,合著专著5部,科普图书1部。
E-mail:liuyd@ihns.ac.cn
LIU Yidong Research fellow and Ph.D.supervisor of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinses Academy of Sciences.His research areas include history of science and technology,scientific strategy,and STS.He has been engaged in the research on catastrophic risks of science and technology,sustainable innovation and development,academic evaluation and talent strategy,as well as history and strategy of information technology.He has published over 50 papers,1 authored monograph,5 co-authored monographs,and 1 popular science book.
E-mail:liuyd@ihns.ac.cn
E-mail:jfpan@casisd.cn
PAN Jiaofeng Professor,President of the Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),Co-director of China Innovation Strategy and Policy Research Center funded by Research Office of the State Council and CAS,Chairman of the Chinese Association of Development Strategy Studies,Vice President of China Law Association on Science and Technology,Vice Chairman of China Association of Scientific and Technological Achievements Management,and the Fellow of World Innovation Organization.He is one of the National Talents of "Hundred,Thousand and Ten Thousand Talents Project" and was awarded the honorary title of "Young and Middle-aged Experts with Outstanding Contributions".He also served as Deputy Secretary General of CAS,Director General of Bureau of Planning and Strategy,CAS,Director General of Bureau of Development and Planning,CAS,Deputy Director General of General Office,CAS,and Director of Institute of Policy and Management,CAS.His research focuses on S&T strategic planning,innovation policy,think-tank theory and method research.He participated in the research and drafting of national S&T planning and emerging industry planning,as well as the research and relevant documents drafting of national S&T system reform.He has presided dozens of major decision-making advising research projects including top-level design of innovation-driven development strategy and third-party assessment of relevant national innovation policies.He has organized the serial strategic research:"China's S&T Roadmaps to 2050" ("Innovation 2050" for short),with serial reports have been published successively.As the general research team leader,he has organized and published Vision 2020:The Emerging Trends in S&T and Strategic Option of China.He has involved in the work of strategic research,as well as formulating and implementing the major reform measures of CAS such as "Knowledge Innovation Program","Innovation 2020",and "Pioneer Initiatives".
E-mail:jfpan@casisd.cn
刘益东 中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员,博士生导师。研究领域为科技史、科技战略、科技与社会。长期研究科技巨风险与可持续创新及发展、学术评价与人才战略、信息技术史与信息技术战略。已发表论文50多篇,个人专著1部,合著专著5部,科普图书1部。
E-mail:liuyd@ihns.ac.cn
LIU Yidong Research fellow and Ph.D.supervisor of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinses Academy of Sciences.His research areas include history of science and technology,scientific strategy,and STS.He has been engaged in the research on catastrophic risks of science and technology,sustainable innovation and development,academic evaluation and talent strategy,as well as history and strategy of information technology.He has published over 50 papers,1 authored monograph,5 co-authored monographs,and 1 popular science book.
E-mail:liuyd@ihns.ac.cn
