娄春波,杜沛,孟凡康,季翔宇,张益豪.人工基因线路的研究进展和未来挑战[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(11):1158-1165.
人工基因线路的研究进展和未来挑战
Development and Challenges of Synthetic Genetic Circuits
人工基因线路的研究进展和未来挑战
Development and Challenges of Synthetic Genetic Circuits
作者
娄春波
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
LOU Chunbo
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
杜沛
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
DU Pei
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
孟凡康
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
MENG Fankang
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
季翔宇
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
JI Xiangyu
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
张益豪
北京大学 北京 100871
ZHANG Yihao
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
LOU Chunbo
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
杜沛
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
DU Pei
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
孟凡康
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
MENG Fankang
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
季翔宇
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
JI Xiangyu
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
张益豪
北京大学 北京 100871
ZHANG Yihao
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
中文关键词
合成生物学;人工基因线路;重编程;环境适应;模块化
英文关键词
synthetic biology;synthetic genetic circuit;reprogramming;environment adaptation;modularization
中文摘要
基因线路是生命体对自身生命过程控制的动态调控系统。在工程化的设计原理的指导下,人工基因线路是对天然基因调控线路进行简单化处理和重新编程,以及引入自然界不存在的人造法则。人工基因线路由遗传开关、生物振荡器、逻辑门等组成,以执行诸多调控功能。多种多样的人工基因线路设计与构建,不仅极大地促进了人们对生命调控基本规律的认识,也进一步丰富了人们对天然的生物系统进行改造、再创的手段,并为医药健康、农业环境和工业发酵等领域的实际需求提供了全新解决方案。虽然在过去20年里,人们在人工基因线路领域取得了丰硕的研究成果,但是细胞体内蕴含着的众多复杂生化反应和信号传导途径,为设计和组装具有更加高级功能的基因线路带来了挑战。相应地,如何实现微小细胞内复杂基因线路的可预测设计组装,如何保障基因线路在复杂的体内外环境下发挥稳健的功能,将成为未来几年人工基因线路研究的关键核心问题和势必克服的重大挑战。
英文摘要
Genetic circuits are dynamic regulation systems that control the life of every living organism. With the principles of engineering, synthetic genetic circuits are designed through simplifying and re-programming natural genetic circuits, and even by creating completely new principles that does not exist in nature. Genetic circuits are consisting of a wide variety of components, including genetic switches, oscillators, logic gates, and so on. The development of diverse synthetic circuits not only facilitated the understanding of basic principles of life, but also enabled the rebuilding of natural biological systems which has provided brand new solutions for a broad range of applications including medicine, agriculture, and industrial fermentation. In the last two decades, the design of synthetic genetic circuits has been seen rapid development, but the complexity of intercellular biochemical reactions and signal transductions still poses great challenges for building genetic circuits with more sophisticated functions. Consequently, the pathways toward predictable assembly in cells of microscopic scale and ensuring reliable circuit performance in complex environments would be major subjects that challenge all researchers in this field.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2018.11.003
作者简介
娄春波 中国科学院微生物研究所研究员,博士。中组部"青年千人"计划入选者,国家自然科学基金委优秀青年科学基金获得者。2003年和2009年分别毕业于武汉大学物理学专业和北京大学软凝聚态物理专业; 2009-2013年先后在美国加州大学旧金山分校和麻省理工学院从事博士后研究。目前研究领域包括调控元件的模块化与正交化设计;基因线路的定量设计与微生物发酵智能开关设计; 20-100 kb天然产物基因簇激活与优化;人工生命系统的安全性和可控性设计。主要成果发表在Nature Biotechnology、Nature、PNAS、Nature Communications和Molecular Systems Biology等学术期刊,已申请国际专利3项、国内专利5项。
E-mail:louchunbo@im.ac.cn
LOU Chunbo Professor of Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),member of the "Thousand Youth Talents Program",holder of the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).He received his Bachelor degree in physics from Wuhan University in 2003.After receiving his Doctoral degree in condensed matter physics from Peking University,he did post-doctoral research in UCSF and MIT from 2009 to 2013.His current research interest includes designing modular and orthogonal regulatory parts,quantitative design of genetic circuits,smart bioswitches for fermentation,activation and optimization of 20-100 kb cryptic genetic clusters of natural products,and design of controllable synthetic life.He has publications in prestigious journals including Nature Biotechnology,Nature,PNAS,Nature Communications,and Molecular Systems Biology,3 PCT patents,and 5 domestic patents.
E-mail:louchunbo@im.ac.cn
E-mail:louchunbo@im.ac.cn
LOU Chunbo Professor of Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),member of the "Thousand Youth Talents Program",holder of the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).He received his Bachelor degree in physics from Wuhan University in 2003.After receiving his Doctoral degree in condensed matter physics from Peking University,he did post-doctoral research in UCSF and MIT from 2009 to 2013.His current research interest includes designing modular and orthogonal regulatory parts,quantitative design of genetic circuits,smart bioswitches for fermentation,activation and optimization of 20-100 kb cryptic genetic clusters of natural products,and design of controllable synthetic life.He has publications in prestigious journals including Nature Biotechnology,Nature,PNAS,Nature Communications,and Molecular Systems Biology,3 PCT patents,and 5 domestic patents.
E-mail:louchunbo@im.ac.cn