赵国屏.合成生物学:开启生命科学“会聚”研究新时代[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(11):1135-1149.

合成生物学:开启生命科学“会聚”研究新时代

Synthetic Biology: Unsealing the Convergence Era of Life Science Research
作者
赵国屏
中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 生物医学大数据中心 上海 200031;中国科学院植物生理生态研究所 合成生物学重点实验室 上海 200032
ZHAO Guoping
Biomedical Big Data Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
中文关键词
         学科交叉;生命科学;工程学;分子生物学;社会治理
英文关键词
        crossdisciplinarity;life science;engineering;molecular biology;societal governance
中文摘要
        自然科学各学科的研究对象在时空尺度上的差别与相连,既决定了学科间的差别,也决定了学科间的交叉。生物学在发展到以机理研究为主的“生命科学”阶段后,得益于学科交叉和技术创新,在20世纪“分子生物学”和“基因组学”革命基础上,通过引入工程学理念,形成了“合成生物学”,并迅速形成“会聚研究”的第三次革命。文章在阐述合成生物学的内涵并回顾其学科发展历程与取得成果的基础上,特别提出了合成生物学的科技支撑与社会治理问题,期望引起科学界、社会公众与政府管理层面的关注。
英文摘要
        It is their distinct spatial and temporal scales for natural substances defined various kinds of disciplines of natural sciences, as well as their connections. Based on the disruptive advances attributable to the revolutions of Molecular Biology and Genomics in the 20th century, by introducing the principles of engineering science into life science and biotechnology, the third revolution of Convergence has been emerged and rapidly developed into the cutting-edge frontier of academic research since the beginning of this century. The serial review articles of this issue illustrated both the history and the connotations of synthetic biology via highlighting main fields of research for synthetic biology, especially their scientific and technological fundamentals and social governance issues, thus it may cause attentions from the academic, the public and governments.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2018.11.001
作者简介
赵国屏 中国科学院院士,分子微生物学家。现任中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物医学大数据中心首席科学家,中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室专家委员会主任,复旦大学生命科学学院微生物学和微生物工程系主任。兼任中国生物工程学会理事,上海生物工程学会名誉理事长,浦东新区科协副主席;曾任中国微生物学会理事长、名誉理事长。1983年起,从事细菌分子遗传及生理生化研究,特别关注微生物代谢调控及酶反应机理与结构功能关系,开发相应的微生物和蛋白质工程生物技术。1998年起,参与启动并组织中国基因组学、生物信息学、蛋白质组学、转录组学与生物芯片研究,克隆若干人类遗传病致病基因;启动中国微生物基因组测序工作并主持若干重要微生物的基因组、功能基因组、比较和进化基因组的研究,完成对问号钩端螺旋体、野菊花假单胞菌的全基因组测序和注释。2003年主持SARS分子流行病学和SARS冠状病毒进化研究,为认识该病毒的动物源性及其从动物间传播到人间传播过程中基因组、特别是关键基因的变异规律奠定了基础。此后,在细菌蛋白质乙酰化组和肠道微生物组等领域努力探索,做出若干开创性工作。2008年,创建中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室; 2012年,主持" 973"项目"新功能人造生物器件的构建及集成"。领导实验室在人工染色体重构,代谢组与代谢流量组平台建设,天然化合物细胞工厂制造,基因编辑技术研发等方向上,实现重要突破。1992年回国以来,参与组建和/或领导若干生物技术企业、中国科学院研究院所、国家及上海科技或工程研究中心,不断探索科技体系运行模式与科研机构体制机制的改革创新。2005年,获何梁何利科技奖,当选中国科学院院士。2011年,当选发展中国家科学院院士。2014年,获美国普度大学农学院荣誉博士称号。2015年,获第八届"谈家桢生命科学奖"。
E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
ZHAO Guoping Molecular microbiologist and has been working on microbial physiology and metabolic regulation since he received his B.S.degree of biology from Fudan University in 1982.Currently,he is the Professor and Chairman of the Advisory Committee of CASKey Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),after serving as its founding director for the term of 2008-2016.He has been the Chief Scientist of the Big Data Center for BioMedicine at the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS),CAS since 2016,and the Professor and Director of Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering at the School of Life Sciences,Fudan University since 2004.He also has been appointed as the adjunct Chair Professor of Microbiology by the Faculty of Medicine of The Chinese University of Hong Kong since 2008.He was elected the member of CAS in 2005 and the President of the Chinese Society for Microbiology for the term of 2006-2011.ZHAO Guo-Ping obtained his Ph.D.degree in Biochemistry from Purdue University,Indiana,USA in 1990 and taught microbiology lab course at the Department of Biology as a visiting lecturer for two years.He returned to China in 1992 as the founding production manager of Shanghai Promega Biological Products,Ltd,a subsidiary joint venture of Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology (SRCB),CAS,and an adjunct Associate Professor of Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (SIPP,currently SIPPE),CAS.He started working full time at SIPP in late 1994 as the Professor and Director of the microbiology laboratory.He served as the Director of SRCB from 1997 to 1999 and the Vice-President of SIBS from 1999 to 2002,where he organized and participated the Human Genome Project of CAS (1998-2001).He worked as the Executive Director of the Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai during 2002 and 2016 and the Director of the National Engineering Center for BioChip at Shanghai during 2001 and 2005.Along with his scientific duties in program/project organization and institutional administration,he focused his research activities on genomics and systems biology,largely for microorganisms,of which,he devoted and contributed to a few important projects including the molecular evolution study of SARS-CoV during the 2003 and 2005 SARS epidemic.
E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
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