杨宇,何则,刘毅.“丝绸之路经济带”中国与中亚国家油气贸易合作的现状、问题与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(6):575-584.

“丝绸之路经济带”中国与中亚国家油气贸易合作的现状、问题与对策

Global Energy Cooperation Between China and Central Asia: Current Situation, Risks, and Countermeasures

杨宇
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049
YANG Yu
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
何则
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049
HE Ze
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
刘毅
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049
LIU Yi
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

         中亚;油气贸易;能源合作;风险;对策

        Central Asia;oil and gas trade;energy cooperation;risk;countermeasures

        中亚地区是距离中国最近、最安全的油气资源保障区，是中国重要的海外能源供应基地。当前中亚地区的油气年产量约为2.29亿吨油当量，占世界油气年产量比重为3.02%，其中天然气主要集中在土库曼斯坦和哈萨克斯坦，石油主要集中在哈萨克斯坦，油气资源年对外供给潜力约为1.2亿吨油当量。中国已经逐渐成为中亚地区最重要的油气贸易伙伴。然而，中国与中亚地区的油气贸易合作面临着大国博弈、内部政治环境不稳定、国际能源合作制度碎片化、国际能源投资政策缺乏可持续性等一系列的潜在风险。未来，中国应加快推动建立务实高效的多元能源合作机制，优化能源合作的主体结构，加强能源勘探开发和深加工的技术贸易，加快推进能源就地加工转化，并修订现有的双边投资协定，以确保中国与中亚能源合作与贸易安全。

        Central Asia is one of the most important overseas oil and gas supplement bases of China. The oil and gas production of Central Asia is about 229 million oil equivalent tons, accounting for the proportion of the world oil and gas production was 3.02%. Gas is mainly concentrated in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, while oil is mainly concentrated in Kazakhstan. Oil and gas potential supply is 120 million oil equivalent tons. China has gradually become Central Asia's most important oil and gas trading partner. However, oil and gas trade cooperation between China and Central Asia is facing serious geopolitics risks, including global competition among Unites States, Russia and other superpowers, unstable internal political environment, fragmental international energy cooperation system and mutable international energy investment policy. To enhance energy cooperation, China should accelerate the pragmatic and efficient multiple energy cooperation mechanism, optimize the structure of companies participated in the energy cooperation, strengthen energy exploration and energy technology and service trade, accelerate the locational energy processing and transformation, and revise the existing bilateral investment treaties, to ensure the safety of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia.