毛汉英,曲建升,李耀明,包少勇.“丝绸之路经济带”中国与中亚铀矿合作开发的前景与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(6):563-574.

“丝绸之路经济带”中国与中亚铀矿合作开发的前景与对策

Present Situation, Prospects, and Countermeasures of Uranium Mines' Cooperative Development Between China and Central Asia in Silk Road Economic Belt

毛汉英
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
MAO Hanying
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
曲建升
中国科学院兰州文献情报中心 兰州 730000
QU Jiansheng
Lanzhou Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
李耀明
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011
LI Yaoming
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
包少勇
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
BAO Shaoyong
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         中国;中亚地区;铀矿;合作开发;前景;对策

        China;Central Asia;uranium mining;cooperative development;prospects;countermeasures

        中亚的哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦是全球铀矿资源富集区之一，具有铀矿资源储量大、分布集中、开采条件较好等特点。自2009年以来，中亚铀矿开采量长期居世界首位，2016年占世界铀矿总开采量的43.5%（其中91%分布于哈萨克斯坦）。中国与中亚铀矿合作始于2005年，自2010年以来发展较快。文章分析了中国与中亚铀矿合作开发的必要性和可行性，阐述了合作开发模式从铀矿贸易、铀矿勘探开发发展到核燃料组件加工，并对合作开发的前景作了预测。主要结论为： 2030年以前中亚铀矿可满足中国核电发展对进口天然铀需求量的70%—75%；其后，随着中亚铀矿资源的快速消耗，2035年保障程度降至40%—50%。最后，文章提出了加强和深化中国与中亚铀矿合作的对策建议：以“五通”理念引领合作开发，尽快编制《中国与中亚铀矿合作开发规划纲要》，明确未来合作开发的重点，不断提高中资企业在合作开发中的地位作用，重视防范和化解合作开发的风险。

        Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia are among the most abundant areas of uranium resources in the world, and have the characteristics of large uranium reserves, concentrated distribution, and favorable mining conditions. Since 2009, the uranium production has been ranked first in the world for a long time, accounting for 43.5% of the world's total extraction in 2016 (91% of which are distributed in Kazakhstan). The cooperation between China and the Central Asia in uranium mining started in 2005 and has developed rapidly since 2010. This study analyzed the necessity and feasibility of cooperation development of uranium mining between China and Central Asia, and elucidated the cooperative development model from uranium trade, uranium exploration and extraction, as well as processing of nuclear fuel components. Also, the prospect of cooperative development was predicted in this study. The main conclusions are as follows. Before 2030, the uranium mining in Central Asia could meet the requirement of 70% to 75% of China's nuclear power demand for imported natural uranium. Later, with the rapid consumption of uranium resources in Central Asia, the degree of guarantee in 2035 would fall to 40% to 50%. Finally, this study put forward several suggestions for strengthening and deepening cooperation development of uranium mining between China and Central Asia as following. Firstly, we ought to lead the cooperative development with the concept of "five links". Secondly, we need to compile the "outline for cooperation and development plan of China and Central Asia" as soon as possible. Thirdly, we should identify the focus of future cooperation and development. Fourthly, the status and role of Chinese-funded enterprises in cooperative development need to be continuously improved. Furthermore, we must pay attention to prevent and resolve the risks in cooperative development.