杨林章,吴永红.农业面源污染防控与水环境保护[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):168-176.
农业面源污染防控与水环境保护
Prevention and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and Aquatic Environmental Protection
农业面源污染防控与水环境保护
Prevention and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and Aquatic Environmental Protection
作者
杨林章
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014
YANG Linzhang
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
吴永红
中国科学院南京土壤研究所 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 南京 210008
WU Yonghong
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014
YANG Linzhang
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
吴永红
中国科学院南京土壤研究所 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 南京 210008
WU Yonghong
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
中文关键词
农业面源污染;水环境安全;"源头减量-过程阻断-养分再利用-生态修复"策略;生态系统服务
英文关键词
agricultural non-point source pollution;aquatic environments;4R theory of reduce-retain-reuse-restore;ecosystem service
中文摘要
农业面源污染正成为我国地表水体的主要污染负荷来源，威胁水生态健康和水环境安全。文章分析了农业面源污染的特征及其主要的形成原因，总结了当前主流的防控技术与策略，重点阐述了从全局防控农业面源污染的“源头减量（Reduce）—过程阻断（Retain）—养分再利用（Reuse）—生态修复（Restore）”策略（简称“4R策略”）。深入剖析了当前农业面源污染防控存在的问题，并从深化基础研究、强化生态系统服务功能与促进区域联控，以及农业面源污染防控技术的物化方面进行了展望。
英文摘要
Agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming the main source of pollution load of surface waters since the point source pollution has been controlled in China step by step, potentially threatening the health of aquatic ecosystem and safety of drink water. This work analyzes the characteristics and forming reasons of the agricultural non-point source pollution, summarizes the main technologies and theory, in particular the 4R theory of reduce-retain-reuse-restore that prevents and controls agricultural non-point source pollution based on whole ecosystem. This work also analyzes the main problems of current technologies and theories of preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the above analyses, some perspectives are suggested including basic researches, synergies of ecosystem service function and joint controlling in regional scales, and commercialization of technologies for agricultural non-point source pollution control and aquatic environmental protection.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2018.02.006
作者简介
杨林章 江苏省农业科学院研究员,博士生导师。1982年毕业于南京农学院土壤农化系,1984年在中国科学院南京土壤研究所获得硕士学位,1993年在日本北海道大学获得农学博士学位。1984-2012年在中国科学院南京土壤研究所工作;2012年4月起,在江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所工作;现任农业资源与环境研究所学术委员会主任。作为项目负责人先后承担了多项国家级科研项目/课题等。发表论文150余篇,授权发明专利12项,出版专著5部。主要从事农业面源污染发生机制与控制技术的研究。E-mail:lzyang@issas.ac.cn
YANG Linzhang Ph.D.,research professor in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS).Graduated in 1982 in Nanjing Agriculture College,he got Ph.D.in 1993 in Hokkaido University,Japan.From 1984 to 2012,he worked in the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Since then,he has been working in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,JAAS,and now also serves as the director of Academic Committee of the Institute.He has published more than 150 research papers,5 monographs,and holds 12 authorized patents.His main research area is the control of the agricultural non-point source pollution in rural area.E-mail:lzyang@issas.ac.cn
YANG Linzhang Ph.D.,research professor in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS).Graduated in 1982 in Nanjing Agriculture College,he got Ph.D.in 1993 in Hokkaido University,Japan.From 1984 to 2012,he worked in the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Since then,he has been working in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,JAAS,and now also serves as the director of Academic Committee of the Institute.He has published more than 150 research papers,5 monographs,and holds 12 authorized patents.His main research area is the control of the agricultural non-point source pollution in rural area.E-mail:lzyang@issas.ac.cn
