郭京京,穆荣平,张婧婧,阮馨逸.中国产业国际竞争力演变态势与挑战[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(1):56-67.

中国产业国际竞争力演变态势与挑战

International Competitiveness of China's Industries: Evolutionary Trends and Challenges

郭京京
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
GuO Jingjing
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, university of Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
穆荣平
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
Mu Rongping
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, university of Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
张婧婧
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
ZhanG Jingjing
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, university of Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
阮馨逸
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
Ruan Xinyi
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, university of Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

         中国;产业;国际竞争力;演变态势;政策建议

        China;industries;international competitiveness;evolutionary trends;policy suggestions

        发达国家重振制造业的战略性举措给中国产业发展带来严峻的外部挑战。因此，在全球经济深度调整期积极推进我国产业转型升级时，有必要深入分析我国产业国际竞争力现状和演变态势。文章通过联合国商品贸易统计数据库（un Comtrade Database），综合运用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争指数和价格指数指标，对2000—2015年中国产业国际竞争力演变态势进行定量分析。研究结果表明：中国在国际分工格局中劳动与资源密集型产业竞争力较强，但部分劳动与资源密集型产业比较优势不断降低；部分资本与技术密集型产业竞争力不断上升，但其仍处于全球价值链中附加值较低环节。文章提出了4条政策建议：（1）大力发展战略性新兴产业，构建新竞争优势；（2）坚持创新驱动，提升产业创新能力；（3）积极参与全球治理，营造良好外部环境；（4）健全产业创新生态体系。

        The strategic actions that the developed countries have taken to revive manufacturing have brought severe external challenges to the development of China's industries. It is necessary to deeply analyze the current situation and evolutionary trends of international competitiveness of China's industries in the period of deepening the adjustment of industrial upgrading globally. With the united nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (un Comtrade Database), this study quantitatively analyzes the international competitiveness of China's industries from 2000 to 2015 by using such indicators as the international market share, the revealed comparative advantage index, the trade competitive index, and the price index. The results demonstrate that China's labor and resource-intensive industries are more competitive internationally, whereas the comparative advantages of some labor and resource-intensive industries are declining; the competitiveness of some capital and technology-intensive industries is rising, while those industries are still at the low value added scenario in the global value chain. Specifically, this article posits the following policy implications as developing strategic emerging industries and building new competitive advantage, improving innovative capacity of industries by innovation-driven strategy, participating actively global governance and constructing external environment, and establishing innovation ecosystem of industries.