秦伯强,朱广伟,杨宏伟,李宽意.新方法、新理论为太湖环境治理和生态修复提供科技支撑[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(6):654-660.

新方法、新理论为太湖环境治理和生态修复提供科技支撑

Support Environmental Management and Ecological Restoration in Lake Taihu with New Methods and New Theories

秦伯强
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 太湖湖泊生态系统研究站 南京 210008
Qin Boqiang
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
朱广伟
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 太湖湖泊生态系统研究站 南京 210008
Zhu Guangwei
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
杨宏伟
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 太湖湖泊生态系统研究站 南京 210008
Yang Hongwei
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
李宽意
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 太湖湖泊生态系统研究站 南京 210008
Li kuanyi
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

         湖泊富营养化;蓝藻水华;饮用水保障;湖泊生态修复

        lake eutrophication;cyanobacterial blooms;drinking water safety;ecological restoration

        2007 年震惊中外的太湖蓝藻危机事件暴发，太湖富营养化及其蓝藻水华治理成为国家和全民关注的重大而紧迫的问题，对危机事件的应急处置、蓝藻水华暴发的科学解释和未来十年太湖水环境的治理及生态恢复等，向科研工作提出了更高的要求。中科院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站（简称“太湖站”）自建站以来对太湖进行了全面、长期的监测，开展了浅水湖泊系统研究、环境治理与生态修复技术研发和示范。特别是近十年来，在环保部、国家自然科学基金委和中科院等重大项目支持下，在太湖站野外科学平台的支撑下，联合院内外科研人员进行了多学科交叉研究，取得了一系列研究进展。在学科建设方面逐步创建了湖泊现代过程物理、化学、生物多学科协同的野外原位研究方法，发展了湖泊科学环境要素过程与格局和生态系统结构与功能相结合的研究新局面，揭示了人类活动和气候变化对湖泊关键生态过程的驱动作用，阐明了湖泊生态系统响应环境变化的特征、区域差异和反馈机制，以及生态系统退化的环境作用机理；在技术研发和应用方面提出了富营养化湖泊治理及生态恢复的方法与策略，应用于太湖治理并取得了显著成效。这些科研成果填补了大型浅水湖泊湖沼学研究的空白，不仅使我国的湖泊科学研究在国际湖泊科学研究前沿领域崭露头角，也使得太湖站成为了无可替代的野外科研支撑平台和国际知名的湖泊科学研究基地。

        In 2007, a drinking water crisis breaking out in Wuxi City shocked the world while the eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms of Lake Taihu became an urgent problem to the public society. Also a higher request to the research of the emergency disposal and scientific explanation of the cyanobacterial blooms, and the water environment management and ecological restoration of Lake Taihu in the next decade. Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the TLLER) has carried on the comprehensive, long-term monitoring to Lake Taihu along with the research on shallow lake system evolution, technology development and engineering demonstration in order to aiming the aforementioned national science and technology needs since its establishment. Funded by national and ministerial projects, series of multi-disciplinary researches have been conducted supporting by the TLLER fieldwork platform and obtained remarkable progresses in the last 10 years. An novel in-situ approach integrating physical, chemical and biological disciplines was created, thus, explored a new situation for the studies combining modern processes and patterns of lake environmental elements with the structure and function of lake ecosystems. Moreover, the synergistic driving effect of human activity and climate change on lake's key ecological process was revealed, as well as the characteristics, regional differences and responding mechanism of the lake ecosystem caused by environmental changes; further, the driving effect of environment on ecosystems degradation was elucidated. Especially, technical approaches and management strategies for entrophic lake governance and ecological restoration were proposed and made significant achievements applying in Lake Taihu. These achievements filled the knowledge gap of large shallow lake that leading to a new frontier of international limnology research, and meanwhile, made the TLLER an irreplaceable fieldwork supporting platform and international well-known research base of lake science.