刘双江,施文元,赵国屏.中国微生物组计划:机遇与挑战[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(3):241-250.
中国微生物组计划:机遇与挑战
China Microbiome Initiative: Opportunity and Challenges
中国微生物组计划:机遇与挑战
China Microbiome Initiative: Opportunity and Challenges
作者
刘双江
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
Liu Shuangjiang
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
施文元
加州大学洛杉矶分校 洛杉矶 90095
Shi Wenyuan
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
赵国屏
中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所 上海 200032
Zhao Guoping
Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology at Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101
Liu Shuangjiang
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
施文元
加州大学洛杉矶分校 洛杉矶 90095
Shi Wenyuan
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
赵国屏
中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所 上海 200032
Zhao Guoping
Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology at Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
中文关键词
中国微生物组计划;微生物组学;科学与技术;战略与规划建议
英文关键词
China microbiome initiative;microbiomics;science and technology;strategy and planning proposal
中文摘要
微生物组是指一个特定环境或者生态系统中全部微生物及其遗传信息，包括其细胞群体和数量、全部遗传物质（基因组），它界定了涵盖微生物群及其全部遗传与生理功能，其内涵包括了微生物与其环境和宿主的相互作用。微生物组学是一个崭新的学科，微生物组研究取得的成果，必将为国家经济社会发展、人类生活质量改善提供源源不断的创新活力。因此，微生物组学也是一个世界各国争相发展的战略性科技领域，美国、日本等发达国家已经部署了支持微生物组研究的国家计划。在分析国内发展现状的基础上，结合我国发展过程中的国家需求，文章分析了我国微生物组研究面临的机遇和挑战，提出了部署中国微生物组计划“国家需求导向、科学假设驱动、技术创新支撑”的基本原则。建议设立中国微生物组计划国家重点研发计划；探讨了中国微生物组计划的重点领域和内容，涉及健康、环境、工农业和海洋等领域。希望通过中国微生物组计划的实施，主导国际大科学计划并强化我国在相应领域的话语权，显著提升我国科技创新和科技成果转化能力，催生一批基于颠覆性技术的战略性新兴产业，为我国经济社会发展和人类文明进步作出应有的贡献。
英文摘要
Microbiome is defined as the totality of microorganisms and their collective genetic materials in a well-recognized niche or an ecosystem and environment. It covers the interactions between microbes and their hosts or environments. Microbiomics is an emerging frontier of life science with multi-disciplines, and is considered worldwide to be of strategic importance. The developed countries such as United States of America and Japan have launched national plans/initiatives to support researches on microbiome,with the aim to strengthen national competitiveness and to expand human's understanding about nature and human itself. It is believed that the outcome of microbiome researches will provide new resources and innovative technology for social and economic developments, as well as improving the life quality of human beings. By reviewing the international plans/initiatives of microbiome researches, this article explores the opportunity and challenges for China and its scientists. With the emphasis on meeting national demands, authors propose the China Microbiome Initiative (CMI). The CMI identifies priority of human and environmental health, agriculture and industrial developments. National-demands-oriented, hypothesis-driven, and technology-innovations are general rules for CMI projects. Through the implementation of CMI projects, it is expected to make significant contribution to China's economic developmentsand socialcivilization.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2017.03.004
作者简介
刘双江,中科院微生物所所长、研究员。先后在德国Münster大学、日本国立生命工学研究所、美国James Madison大学作为访问学者、博士后、高级访问学者;2000年入选中科院"百人计划",2007年获国家杰出青年科学基金支持,2010年获"全国优秀科技工作者"称号。长期从事环境微生物学领研究工作,先后承担和完成多项国家"863"课题、"973"课题、国家自然科学基金重点项目等科研任务。目前担任美国微生物学会杂志Applied and Environmental Microbiology编辑。E-mail:liusj@im.ac.cn
Liu Shuangjiang Director of the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS),Professor of environmental microbiology.He received his Ph.D.in Environmental engineering from Tsinghua University in 1991.He worked as postdoc and senior research scientists in Germany,Japan,and USA.He was awarded by the 100-talent program of CAS (2000) and was a winner of National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (2007).He worked as principle investigators for projects of national "863" -plan, "973" -program, and key project of NSFC.He serves as an editor of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.E-mail:liusj@im.ac.cn
赵国屏,男,中科院院士,中科院上海生命科学院生物医学大数据中心首席科学家,植物生理生态所研究员,国家人类基因组南方研究中心执行主任,兼任中国微生物学会和生物工程学会理事会顾问。研究微生物代谢调控以及酶的结构功能关系与反应机理,开发相应的微生物和蛋白质工程生物技术。E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
Zhao Guoping Male,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,chief scientist of Bio-Med Big Data Center of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences,professor of Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,executive director of the Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGCS).Zhao is also counsellor to the Board of Chinese Society for Microbiology and Chinese Society of Biotechnology,and Shanghai Society for Microbiology.Zhao has been working on the structure function relationship and reaction mechanisms of microbial enzymes since his graduate studies.Based on these studies,he is also interested in developing microbial and/or protein engineering technology for industrial application of these enzymes.E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
Liu Shuangjiang Director of the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS),Professor of environmental microbiology.He received his Ph.D.in Environmental engineering from Tsinghua University in 1991.He worked as postdoc and senior research scientists in Germany,Japan,and USA.He was awarded by the 100-talent program of CAS (2000) and was a winner of National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (2007).He worked as principle investigators for projects of national "863" -plan, "973" -program, and key project of NSFC.He serves as an editor of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.E-mail:liusj@im.ac.cn
赵国屏,男,中科院院士,中科院上海生命科学院生物医学大数据中心首席科学家,植物生理生态所研究员,国家人类基因组南方研究中心执行主任,兼任中国微生物学会和生物工程学会理事会顾问。研究微生物代谢调控以及酶的结构功能关系与反应机理,开发相应的微生物和蛋白质工程生物技术。E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
Zhao Guoping Male,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,chief scientist of Bio-Med Big Data Center of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences,professor of Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,executive director of the Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGCS).Zhao is also counsellor to the Board of Chinese Society for Microbiology and Chinese Society of Biotechnology,and Shanghai Society for Microbiology.Zhao has been working on the structure function relationship and reaction mechanisms of microbial enzymes since his graduate studies.Based on these studies,he is also interested in developing microbial and/or protein engineering technology for industrial application of these enzymes.E-mail:gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn
