邵全琴,樊江文,刘纪远,黄麟,曹巍,刘璐璐.基于目标的三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估及政策建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):35-44.

基于目标的三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估及政策建议

Target-based Assessment on Effects of First-stage Ecological Conservation and Restoration Project in Three-river Source Region, China and Policy Recommendations

邵全琴
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Shao Quanqin
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
樊江文
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Fan Jiangwen
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
刘纪远
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101,liujy@igsnrr.ac.cn
Liu Jiyuan
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
黄麟
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Huang Lin
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
曹巍
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Cao Wei
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
刘璐璐
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Liu Lulu
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         三江源生态保护和建设一期工程;生态成效评估;政策建议

        the first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in the TRSR;assessment on ecological effects;policy recommendations

        三江源区地处青藏高原腹地，是长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地，被誉为“中华水塔”。近几十年，由于受到气候变化与人类活动的共同影响，三江源区生态系统持续退化，严重威胁着三大江河中下游地区的生态安全与可持续发展。为了遏制生态系统的持续恶化，我国于2005年开始实施三江源区生态保护和建设一期工程。文章针对三江源生态保护和建设一期工程规划目标，开展了三江源区生态系统状况与变化趋势及其驱动机制的监测评估，以及生态工程生态成效的综合评估。结果表明：通过三江源生态保护和建设一期工程的实施，区域生态系统总体表现出“初步遏制，局部好转”的态势，取得了显著生态成效，预期目标基本实现。然而，区域生态系统的健康状况远未达到理想的状态，必须扩大范围，长期坚持，方能实现“整体恢复，全面好转，生态健康，功能稳定”的最终目标。

        The three-river source region (TRSR) is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. As the source region for the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang rivers, the TRHR is often referred to as the ‘Chinese water tower’. Nevertheless, in recent decades, owing to the impact of rapid climate change and intense human activities, the ecosystem in this area have undergone severe degradation which posed a serious threat to the ecological security of regions downstream from the TRHR. To tackle the ecological deterioration, the first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the TRSR was launched in 2005. A comprehensive scientific understanding of the ecological effects and problems of the project is critical for adjustment of the project implementation. Therefore, improving and consolidating the effects of ecological conservation and restoration was significant for the future large-scale ecological conservation and restoration. Based on the targets of ‘The general planning on ecological conservation and restoration in the TRSR nature reserve in Qinghai Province’ (abbreviated here to ‘The Plan’), we carried out the monitoring and assessment on the ecosystem condition, change trend, and driving forces in the TRSR, in addition to the comprehensive assessment of the ecological effects of the project. The results showed that since the beginning of the project, the overall trends in ecosystem degradation have been initially contained and partial improved, the ecological effects of this project are remarkable, and the objectives of ‘The Plan’ have been basically achieved. However, the situation of the regional ecosystem in the TRSR is still far from the ideal state. In order to achieve the ultimate goal of "entire recovery, overall improvement, healthy ecosystem, stable functions", we must expand the protect scope and maintain the protection for long term.