侯西勇,刘静,宋洋,李晓炜.中国大陆海岸线开发利用的生态环境影响与政策建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(10):1143-1150.

中国大陆海岸线开发利用的生态环境影响与政策建议

Environmental-ecological Effect of Development and Utilization of China's Coastline and Policy Recommendations

侯西勇
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 烟台 264003
Hou Xiyong
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
刘静
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 烟台 264003;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
Liu Jing
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
宋洋
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 烟台 264003;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
Song Yang
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
李晓炜
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 烟台 264003
Li Xiaowei
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China

         中国;大陆海岸线;自然岸线;人工岸线;围填海;海岸带综合管理

        China;mainland coastline;natural coastline;artificial coastline;reclamation;integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)

        长期以来，东部沿海区域在我国经济社会快速发展过程中扮演了“动力引擎”的角色，与此相应，中国大陆海岸线的开发利用广泛而深刻，尤其是最近几十年来自然岸线消失和破坏的速度惊人、程度严重，围填海愈演愈烈，急剧的岸线开发和扰动过程导致了一系列的资源、环境、生态和灾害问题，对中国当前及未来的海岸带综合管理乃至沿海经济社会可持续发展形成了极为严峻的挑战。文章概述了过去近70年中国大陆海岸线开发利用的过程特征，总结了存在的问题及其对海岸带的影响，在此基础上，指出当前及未来时期中国海岸带综合管理的重点和策略，包括：加强以海岸线为重点的海岸带监测、观测和科学研究；加强自然岸线的保护力度，优化人工岸线的开发利用；开展“恢复中国的河口”行动，维持和强化河口的水文与生态连通性；以海湾为重要抓手，通过实施海湾分类管理促进大陆海岸线的保护；建立健全法律法规，推进海岸带综合管理的多部门协同和区域协同。

        Extensive and profound coastline development and utilization have been found in coastal area in China due to its "engine" role of social-economic development for the whole nation. However, mainly during the past decades, natural coastline disappeared and was destroyed at an alarming rate and severe extensity, and sea reclamation become more violent. The rapid development and utilization of coastline led to series problems of resource, environment, ecology, and disaster in coastal zone, which pose serious challenges to coastal zone management and sustainable social-economic development in coastal China. In this paper, characters of coastline change in past 70 years, problems and effects of coastline development and utilization have been summarized. Then, strategy and focus of integrated coastal zone management in China were pointed out as following:to enhance monitoring, observation, and academic studies on coastal zone; to strengthen the protection of natural shoreline and optimize the artificial shoreline; to launch the action of "restore China's estuaries" in order to maintain and strengthen the hydrological and ecological connectivity of estuaries; to implement classified management for gulfs and bays; and to establish and improve laws and regulations in order to promote cross-departmental collaboration and regional cooperation of coastal zone management.