杜久林,毕国强,骆清铭,徐富强,方英,王琛.脑科学研究新技术[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(7):783-792.

脑科学研究新技术

Developing Novel Techniques for Brain Science Research

杜久林
中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所 上海 200031;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Du Jiulin
Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
毕国强
中国科学技术大学 合肥 230026;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Bi Guoqiang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
骆清铭
华中科学技术大学 武汉 430074;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Luo Qingming
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
徐富强
中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 武汉 430071;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Xu Fuqiang
Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
方英
国家纳米研究中心 北京 100190;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Fang Ying
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
王琛
国家纳米研究中心 北京 100190;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031
Wang Chen
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

         电极阵列;光学成像;跨突触神经环路示踪;光遗传学;神经环路重构

        microelectrode array;optic imaging;trans-synaptic neural circuit tracing;optogenetics;neural circuit re-construction

        文章针对目前脑科学的发展需求，就亟需研发的几个关键技术方向——“神经信号新型检测技术”“新型显微成像技术”“神经环路形态追踪和功能操控技术”和“全脑尺度上神经环路重构技术”进行阐述。希望通过国家大型脑科学研究计划的顶层设计，集全国之力量，推动我国脑科学核心技术的研发，为脑科学和交叉科学的发展作出贡献，并打破高端科研仪器长期为欧美垄断的局面。

        The progress of brain science research requires the application of inter-discipline techniques, and in turn promotes the development of the latter. In the highly competitive international Brain Research Project, the first priority is to develop new techniques. This review focuses on why and how we are going to tackle several crucial techniques, including measurement of neural signals, optic imaging of neural signals and structures, combination of tans-synaptic tracing and optogenetics, and large-scale re-construction of neural circuits. Through the state-of-the-art design of national brain research-relevant major projects, we can integrate national research efforts and make a breakthrough in this field in the coming future.