万劲波,赵兰香.政府和社会资本合作推进科技创新的机制研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(4):467-476.

政府和社会资本合作推进科技创新的机制研究

On Promoting Mechanism of Science Technology and Innovation through Public Private Partnership

万劲波
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 北京 100190
Wan Jinbo
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China;Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China
赵兰香
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 北京 100190
Zhao Lanxiang
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China;Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China

         科技创新;社会资本;公私合作(PPP);资源配置

        science technology and innovation;social capital;public private partnership;resources allocation

        目前,我国经济社会领域 PPP(公私合作)模式相关改革尚未直接涉及科技创新,科技创新领域相关改革也无 PPP 模式的具体规范,PPP 模式亟待向科技创新基础设施及公共服务领域拓展深化。要实现“十三五”全社会 R&D 经费支出投入强度目标,离不开 PPP 模式。将政府直接投资变为社会化融资,政府管理转为公私合作治理、专业化运作,固定资产投入转向市场化机制激励,不仅可以提升财政科技创新资金引导放大效应,实现公私利益双赢,还能带动各部门科技创新资源统筹优化配置。典型国家以 PPP 模式撬动社会资本投入科技创新基础设施及公共服务的相关经验表明,在规则透明的基础上密切公私创新合作关系,明确项目全生命周期管理要求,既可以缓解财政科技创新支出压力,减轻政府部门职能错位、越位和缺位问题,还能显著激励全社会提高科技创新投入,提升公共科技创新资源及全社会科技创新资源的配置效率。最后结合“十三五”科技创新资源配置需求,提出 3 点建议:(1)充分调动科技创新综合协调部门与专业部门的“双积极性”;(2)以 PPP 模式建设高起点专业化的国家创新网络;(3)将政府和社会资本合作推进科技创新纳入法制化轨道。

        At present, China's economic and social reform in public private partnership(PPP)field didn't directly relate to Science, Technology and Innovation(STI), reform of STI didn't involve PPP mode, either. PPP mode has to be expanded into STI and public service sectors urgently. As far as the objectives of thirteenth Five-Year Plan, ensuring R&D investment intensity of the whole society cannot do without PPP mode. The changes, from government's direct investment to social financing, from government management to PPP governance and professional operation, from investment in fixed assets to incentive mechanism of market, cannot only increase the amplification effect of public finance of STI, achieve win-win situation of public and private interests, but also promote optimal allocation of STI resources from various departments. Relevant experiences of PPP mode, leveraging social capital investment in STI in typical countries, showed that closing cooperation of public and private based on transparent rules, and clearing project management demands of the whole life cycle, may not only ease financial pressure on STI spending, alleviate problem of dislocation, offside and absence of government functions, but also significantly encourage the whole society to enhance investment in STI, and improve allocation efficiency of STI resources from public and the whole society. Finally, it was put forward three proposals combined with needs of STI resource allocation in thirteenth Five-Year period. First is fully mobilizing “double positive” of integrated and coordinated sectors and professional sectors of STI. Second is using PPP mode to build a specialized national innovation network on a high level. Third is bringing PPP mode of promoting STI into the whole legal system.