张润志,姜春燕,徐婧.防范生物入侵:以昆虫为例[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(4):400-404.

防范生物入侵:以昆虫为例

Defence Biological Invasions: In Case of Invasive Alien Insects

张润志
中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室 北京 100101
Zhang Runzhi
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
姜春燕
中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
Jiang Chunyan
CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
徐婧
中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室 北京 100101
Xu Jing
CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         生物入侵;入侵害虫;鉴定;监测;防控

        biological invasion;invasive pest insect;identification;monitoring;control

        入侵生物严重危害农业、林业、生态和人类健康安全,马铃薯甲虫、扶桑绵粉蚧、苹果蠹蛾等入侵害虫对中国农业发展构成严重威胁。我国的入侵物种有3/4最早发现于沿海经济发达地区,人类活动造成的生物入侵以空前的速度增加,一旦这些引入物种定居下来,几乎不可能根除。全球气温升高也在一定程度上加速了生物的入侵速度和危害程度。潜在入侵害虫的准确和快速鉴定、各类昆虫快速鉴定的特异性分子标记以及重要入侵害虫的监测技术与防控技术研究,成为我国预防和控制害虫入侵和入侵害虫危害的关键科学和技术问题。

        Invasive alien species have great impacts on agriculture, forestry, ecology, and human health. Introduced pest insects such as the Colorado potato beetle (Leptintarsa decemlineata Say), cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley), codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), etc. have posed serious threats to Chinese agricultural development. Three quarters of invasive species in China were first discovered in the coastal economically developed areas. Biological invasions which caused by human activities increased faster than ever before. Once these introduced species settle down, they are almost impossible to be eradicated. With the global temperature rising, it also accelerates the degree of invasion and damage of alien species. Key problems of science and technology for preventing and controlling introduced alien pests in China are as follows: accurate and rapid identification, specific molecular markers, and techniques of monitoring, prevention, and control for important invasive pests.