刘毅,杨宇.中国人口、资源与环境面临的突出问题及应对新思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(2):248-257.

中国人口、资源与环境面临的突出问题及应对新思考

Serious Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Population,Resources, and Environment

刘毅 杨宇

         经济增长，资源消耗，环境污染，解决对策

        economic growth, resource consumption, environment pollution, countermeasures

        改革开放以来，中国经济在实现快速增长的同时付出了巨大的资源与环境代价，人 口、资源与环境之间的矛盾日益突出，成为影响经济持续健康发展的瓶颈。文章从人口总量 与结构变化、资源消耗与低效利用、粗放式发展引发环境污染以及快速城镇化的水土资源压 力等方面，系统刻画了中国人口、资源与环境面临的突出问题，对我国未来更加严峻的形势 进行了判断，在此基础上提出政策建议：（1）提高资源的使用成本，保持“饥饿开发”的状态； （2）提高污染排放标准，加大环境的整治力度；（3）合理引导产业的区域转移，限制资源剥夺 与环境转嫁行为。

        Since the reform and opening up, China's economy achieves rapid growth while paying a tremendous resource and environmental costs. The contradiction between population, resources, and environment is increasingly outstanding and become the bottleneck of economic sustainable and healthy development. In this paper, we portrayed population increasing and structural change, resource consumption and inefficient use, environmental pollution, huge pressure on land and water resources, and pointed out the serious problems of China’s population, resources, and environment. Based on the analysis, we put forward the policy recommendations as follows: (1) Improve resource use costs and maintain the“hunger developed”state; (2) Raise the pollutant emission control standard and strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation; (3) Guide industrial transfer and reduce resources and environmental deprivation.