胡鞍钢.中国特色自主创新道路（1949—2012)[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(2):141-157.

中国特色自主创新道路（1949—2012)

China’s Featured Independent Innovation (1949-2012)

胡鞍钢

         创新型国家，自主创新，技术追赶

        innovative country，independent innovation，technological catch-up

        新中国成立之后，经过60 多年的科学技术发展，中国走出了一条中国 特色自主创新道路，已成为当今世界具有重要影响力的科技大国。中国作为世 界性科技革命的追赶者，是实行自主创新政策的极少数发展中国家之一。中国 正在向世界科技强国迈进，科技实力已居世界第二位，与美国的相对差距迅速缩 小。文章对中国实现科学技术的追赶，成为世界科技大国的自主创新道路进行 了梳理概括：从“向科学进军”到“打破常规，跨越式发展”，从“科学技术是生产 力”到“科学技术是第一生产力”，从“科教兴国战略”到“提高自主创新能力”，从 “建设创新型国家”到“创新驱动发展战略”。指出，中国未来能成为世界科技强 国的原因：中国特有的历史基因和历史传统，中国特有的大国特征和大国优势， 中国未来实现“中国梦”大战略的客观需要和巨大需求，中国对人类发展的责任 和贡献。

        With 60 years of scientific and technological development since the founding of People’s Republic of China, China has found the way of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and has become one of the world’s scientific and technological powers with important influence. As a global technological revolution pursuer, China is one of the very few countries to implement innovation policy. Heading forward to a stronger scientific and technological power, China’s scientific and technological strength is ranked second in the world, and the relative gap with the United States is rapidly decreased. This paper summarizes China's road from catch-up of world leading science and technology to become the world's scientific and technological power: from the "march to science" to "break the routine, grows by leaps and bounds"; from "science and technology are productive forces" to "science and technology are primary productive forces"; from "rejuvenating the country through science and education" to "improve the capability of independent innovation"; from "building innovation-oriented country" to "innovation-driven development strategy". The paper also points out the reasons why China has become the world's scientific and technological power: China's unique historical heritage and traditions, China’s features and advantages as a big power, China’s dedication to achieve the China Dream, and China’s responsibilities and contributions to the development of human being.