徐嵩龄,葛志荣,谢又予,张立平,陈志锋,吴优.西部干旱地区水问题的系统反思[J].中国科学院院刊,2011,(3):323-332.

西部干旱地区水问题的系统反思

A Systematic Rethinking on Water Issues of Arid Regions of Western China

徐嵩龄
中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心
Xu Songling
Center for Environment and development Research,CASS 100732 Beijing
葛志荣
国家质量监督检验疫总局
Ge Zhirong
General Administration of Quantity Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China 100088 Beijing
谢又予
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
Xie Youyu
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS 100101 Beijing
张立平
中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心

Center for Environment and development Research,CASS 100732 Beijing
陈志锋
中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心

Center for Environment and development Research,CASS 100732 Beijing
吴优
中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心

Center for Environment and development Research,CASS 100732 Beijing

         西部干旱地区;自然生态用水;经济结构转型;节水;水工程;水美学;水制度;人工调水

        arid regions of Western China;water quota for natural ecosystems;transformation of economic structure;water-saving;water conservancy works;water aesthetics;water regimes;man-made water diversion

        作者对西部干旱地区"四河四域"(黄河宁蒙段、石羊河、黑河、塔里木河)的水问题进行了调研,涉及其上中下游的历史背景与现状,包括水资源、水灾害、水生态、水污染;水工程、节水技术、水景观;水制度、水经济、水伦理、水美学,认为:西部干旱地区水问题主要不是自然原因,而是人类因素造成的。根据"生态水利"观,就广义"水资源"概念,自然生态用水定额,干旱地区的经济结构和城镇建设模式,恢复、保护和创造性利用内陆河下游自然生态系统,节水行动和技术的新方向,与干旱地区自然环境和生态特点相适应的水利工程,完备水制度以及人工调水等8个方面,提出了建议。

        The investigation on water issues of"the 4 Rivers and 4 Basins"(Ningxia-Inner Mongolia section of the Huanghe River,Shiyang River,Heihe River,Tarim River;and their basins) in the arid regions of Western China,the investigation focus on the historical background and the present condition of the upper,middle and lower reaches;including water resources,water-related disasters,water-supported ecology,water pollutions;water conservancy works,water-saving techniques,water-borne landscapes;water regimes,water economics,water ethics,water aesthetics.It is held that the water problems of these regions mainly do not result from natural factors but man-made ones.Based on the view of "ecological water conservancy",suggestions are proposed for the 8 aspects: the generalized water resource concept,water allocation for the natural ecosystem,economic structures and urban and township constructions in arid regions,restoration,conservation and creative utilization of natural ecosystem of the lower reaches of inland rivers,new directions of water-saving activities and techniques,new type of water conservancy works adaptable to the natural environment and ecology of arid regions,a perfect water regime,and man-made water diversion.