吴瑞金.我国湖泊资源环境现状与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2001,(3):176-181.

我国湖泊资源环境现状与对策

Lake Water Resources and Environments in China and Countermeasures

吴瑞金
南京地理与湖泊研究所!南京210008
Wu Ruijin
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS,210008 Nanjing

         湖泊;资源与环境;可持续发展;建议

        我国湖泊众多、分布广泛 ,然而 ,由于地理分布及湖泊性质的不均衡性 ,可利用的淡水资源有限。特别是近年来随着经济的高速发展 ,在人类活动的强烈干预下 ,湖泊资源退化、环境恶化 ,致使内陆干旱半干旱地区湖水位下降、咸化、干化甚至消亡 ;人口稠密地区湖泊污染与富营养化日益加剧 ,造成严重的水质性缺水 ;湖盆淤积、盲目围垦导致湖泊萎缩 ,洪涝灾害加剧 ;掠夺性的渔业开发严重破坏了生态环境等 ,并已成为制约地区社会经济可持续发展的限制性因素。针对我国湖泊环境保护与治理的主要问题提出了建议

        There are 2 759 lakes (>1km 2) in China with a total area of 91 020 km 2,which makes up 0.95% of the total area of China. Undoubtedly, they provide one kind of important fresh water resources. But, recently, a more and more urgent problem lies ahead of us, that is, the ecological environments of lakes become deteriorated and the utilizable lake fresh water resources grow downward. In arid-semiarid inland area, such as west and northwest of China, climate warming and excessive exploitation of fresh water resources for irrigation have caused falling down of lake level, salting of lake water and what is worse, desiccating of some lakes. In the area of east China with dense population, huge influx of pollutants and nutrient matters from industrial discharge, over-applying of agriculture chemicals and domestic sewage has led to serious lake water contamination and eutrophication with the result of shortage of drinking water source . Plundered fishery has destroyed lake ecological environment critically. In the area of middle and lower reaches of Yangtzi River, Many lakes have been shrinking because of being silted by deposits from soil erosion of the upper reach. Farther, they have been occupied by reclaiming lands from lakes. What must be paid enough attention to is that all the severe situations above mentioned have already become the restrictive factors for sustainable development of local economy and society. Some suggestions for lake environment protection and improvement have been proposed in this paper.