加强若尔盖湿地和黄河源区多圈层相互作用综合观测研究为保护黄河“水塔”提供科技支撑

Enhancing integrated observation network of multi-spherical interaction in Zoige Wetland and source area of Yellow River supports protection of Yellow River Water Tower

        孟宪红^1,2*(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        尚伦宇^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        李照国^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        王少影^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        舒乐乐^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        陈昊^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        赵林^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        苏培玺^1,2(中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室 兰州 730000;中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站 兰州 730000)
        张宇³(成都信息工程大学 大气科学学院 成都 610225)
        吕世华³(成都信息工程大学 大气科学学院 成都 610225)

         黄河水塔;高原草地湿地生态系统;多圈层相互作用;气候变化

        the Yellow River Water Tower;alpine wetland and grassland ecosystem;multi-spherical interaction;climate change

        建成了以若尔盖湿地草原为重点、辐射整个黄河源区的能量—水分—碳循环综合观测网络，揭示了高原草地和湿地生态系统从叶片—群体—生态系统—区域尺度碳循环特征及其对气候变化的响应机理，建立了基于高原草毡层退化的草地生态监测和恢复技术，显著降低了生态治理成本并增强了其可持续性。厘清了冻土—积雪—植被—大气相互作用的关键过程与机理，研发了具有自主知识产权的SHUD（Simulator of Hydro-logic Unstructured Domains）水文模型及其软件工具包，改进了青藏高原陆面—生态—水文模拟，深化了对黄河源区生态恢复水文效应的认识。提出了青藏高原强局地陆面大气耦合过程是维持高原午后对流降水的机制，为开展高原午后对流降水预报和区域气候与生态系统协同调控提供了科学依据。

        An integrated observation network for the energy-water-carbon cycle, with the Zoige wetland and grassland as the focus and covering the source area of the Yellow River (YRSR), has been established, which systematically revealed the characteristics of ecosystem evolution and carbon cycle in grassland and wetland ecosystems of the Zoige Plateau from the leaf-community-ecosystemregional scales and its response mechanism to climate change, and accordingly, the ecological monitoring and restoration techniques for different types of degraded grassland based on the degradation of the alpine grass mattic epipedon were established, which significantly reduced the cost and enhanced the sustainability of the ecological management. The key processes and mechanisms of permafrost-snowpack-vegetation-atmosphere interactions have been clarified, and the SHUD (Simulator of Hydrologic Unstructured Domains) hydrological model and its software toolkit with packages including snow, permafrost, and alpine lakes have been developed, and the simulation for land surface processes, dynamic vegetation and hydrology were improved, deepening the understanding of the ecological evolution and hydrological effects of ecological restoration in the YRSR. It is proposed that the strong local land-atmosphere coupling process on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the mechanism to maintain the afternoon convective precipitation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the local land-surface-ecosystem-atmosphere coupling processes have been confirmed to play an important role in the water-energy-carbon cycles and their evolution on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which provides a key scientific basis for the forecasting of afternoon convective precipitation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau based on landatmosphere interactions and the synergistic control of regional climate and ecosystems.