云贵川渝生态安全屏障建设的科技挑战与发展方向

Technological challenges and development directions of ecological security barrier construction in Yun-Gui-Chuan-Yu region

        崔鹏^1*(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610213)
        杨永平²(中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 勐腊 666303)
        王根绪³(四川大学 水利水电学院 成都 610065)
        朱波¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610213)
        鲁旭阳¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610213)
        孙庚⁴(中国科学院成都生物研究所 成都 610213)
        白晓永⁵(中国科学院地球化学研究所 贵阳 550002)
        张思蕊⁵(中国科学院地球化学研究所 贵阳 550002)
        葛永刚¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610213)
        王姣¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610213)

         生态安全;水资源保护;生物多样性;生态系统修复;环境污染防治;气候变化;石漠化治理;灾害风险防控

        ecological security;water resources protection;biodiversity;ecosystem restoration;environmental pollution prevention;climate change;rocky desertification control;disaster risk reduction

        云贵川渝生态屏障区位于我国西南地区，是长江、黄河、珠江等流域的重要水源涵养地和生物多样性保护核心区，在国家生态安全格局中具有关键地位。党的十八大以来，在习近平生态文明思想指引下，该区域在生态系统修复与生态屏障建设、生物多样性保护、水土流失和山地灾害防控、水文水资源等方面取得了显著成效，环境质量和生态系统服务功能得到明显改善。然而，该区域目前仍面临气候变化背景下水环境面源污染加剧、生物多样性保护机制不完善、石漠化扩散及山地灾害风险增高等多重挑战。为实现区域生态安全和可持续发展目标，需要进一步加强科技支撑，完善空—天—地一体化监测体系，深入研究水土气生灾等多要素耦合机制，探索山水林田湖草沙矿一体化修复模式，提升区域绿色减灾能力，推动生态产品价值转化和跨区域联动，促进人与自然和谐共生及高质量发展。文章系统分析了云贵川渝生态屏障区的水文水资源、生物多样性、生态系统保护修复、环境污染防治、气候变化应对、石漠化治理和山地灾害风险防控方面的现状、问题挑战，并针对性地提出发展方向和对策建议。

        The Yun-Gui-Chuan-Yu Ecological Security Barrier is situated in Southwest China, encompassing the provinces of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan. It serves as a vital water source conservation area and a core zone for biodiversity protection for the Yangtze, Yellow, and Pearl River basins, playing a crucial role in China’s national ecological security. Since the 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China, under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization, the region has made significant strides in water resource protection, soil erosion and mountain disaster control, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem restoration, resulting in noticeable improvements in environmental quality and ecosystem services. However, the region still faces multiple challenges, including intensified non-point source pollution in the water environment under complex climate change, inadequate biodiversity protection mechanisms, the spread of rocky desertification, and increased risks of mountain disasters. To achieve the goals of regional ecological security and sustainable development, it is essential to strengthen scientific and technological support, enhance an integrated “sky-earth-space” monitoring system, delve deeply into the coupling mechanisms among water, soil, air, biology, and disasters, explore a holistic restoration model encompassing mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and mine ecosystems, improve the region’s green disaster reduction capabilities, promote the realization of ecological product value, and foster cross-regional collaboration, thereby promoting harmony between humans and nature and high-quality development. This study systematically analyzes the current status, issues, and challenges in the Yun-Gui-Chuan-Yu Ecological Security Barrier area concerning water resources, biodiversity, ecosystem protection and restoration, environmental pollution control, climate change response, rocky desertification control, and mountain disaster risk prevention and control. It also proposes targeted development directions and strategic recommendations.