国家关键技术的识别与遴选实践方法研究

Research on identification and selection practice methods of national critical technologies

        程燕林¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        曹亚领¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        肖雁¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        代涛^1,2*(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)

         国家关键技术;技术识别;遴选标准;分析框架;关键技术清单

        national critical technologies;technology identification;selection criteria;analytical framework;critical technology list

        国家关键技术关乎一个国家或地区的经济繁荣、社会发展和国家安全，对于增强国家科技创新能力和提升国际竞争力具有重要作用。如何认识和选择国家关键技术是优化科研布局、培育重点领域的前提和基础。基于对国家关键技术内涵与特征的认识，文章提出了国家关键技术识别与遴选的分析框架，并对美国、欧盟、韩国和澳大利亚的实践进行了案例分析，比较了遴选标准、方法程序、组织机制、结果与使用的共性与差异性，为我国开展国家关键技术识别与遴选提供了经验借鉴和重要启示。

        National critical technologies are crucial to economic prosperity, social welfare, and national security of a country or region, playing a vital role in enhancing national scientific and technological innovation capability and boosting its international competitiveness. How to identify and select national critical technologies is the prerequisite and foundation for optimizing research layouts and cultivating priority fields. Based on the understanding of the connotations and characteristics of national critical technologies, this study proposes an analytical framework for their identification and selection. Through a cross-case analysis of practices in the United States, the European Union, South Korea, and Australia, the study compares the commonalities and differences in their criteria, methods and procedures, organizational mechanisms, outcomes, and applications. This findings offer empirical insights and important implications for China in advancing the identification and selection of national critical technologies.