国家重大科技基础设施的科学传播探索与实践——以“中国天眼”为例

Exploration and practice of scientific communication in national major science and technology infrastructure:Taking China's FAST telescope as example

        季慧¹(中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
        蒋捷云¹(中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094)
        张承民^2,3,4(中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100101;中国科学院FAST重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 物理科学学院 北京 100049)
        崔翔翰^2,3,4*(中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100101;中国科学院FAST重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 物理科学学院 北京 100049)
        王德华⁵(贵州师范大学 物理与电子科学学院 贵阳 550025)
        江林焱⁶(贵阳信息科技学院 贵阳 550025)
        杨佚沿⁷(贵州师范学院 物理与电子科学学院 贵阳 550018)
        张财⁸(北京科学文化传播促进会 北京 100101)

         中国天眼;国家重大科技基础设施;科学传播;科普;工程传播

        FAST project;major national scientific and technological infrastructure;scientific communication;popular science;engineering communication

        国家重大科技基础设施（以下简称“重大设施”）是国家科技创新的重要支柱，承担着推动科学研究、工程技术实践和提升公众科学素养的多重使命。文章以我国500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST，以下简称“中国天眼”）为例，探讨了重大设施在科学传播中的探索与实践。作为全球最大的单口径射电望远镜，“中国天眼”通过展馆建设、开放日活动、科普报告、科技研学和全媒体传播等多种形式进行科学传播，特别是在贵州等“老少边穷”地区，为缩小城乡科技教育差距、提升全民科学素养提供了有效路径。文章提出并总结了“中国天眼”“三出三进”的科学传播模式，即：科研专家走出实验室、科技成果走出论文、科技文化走出传统传播形式，科研专家走进企业和学校、科技成果走进国计民生、科技文化走进边远乡村。希望文章凝练出的“中国天眼”“三出三进”的传播模式为其他重大设施的科学传播提供参考，促进其他重大设施进一步将科学研究成果转化为经济社会发展的动力，推动国家重大科技战略的深入实施，提升中国在全球范围内的科技文化影响力。

        National major scientific and technological infrastructure is a crucial pillar of national innovation, fulfilling multiple missions such as advancing scientific research, supporting engineering practice, and enhancing public scientific literacy. This study takes the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), known as the "FAST project," as an example case to explore the practices and innovations in scientific communication within such national infrastructure. As the world's largest singledish radio telescope, the FAST project employs various methods, including exhibition halls, open days, popular science reports, educational programs, and all-media communication, particularly targeting rural and economically disadvantaged areas like Guizhou Province. These efforts provide effective pathways to bridge the gap in scientific education between urban and rural areas, thereby improving national scientific literacy. This study introduces and summarizes the "Three Exits and Three Entries" model for scientific communication:researchers stepping out of the laboratory, scientific achievements moving beyond academic publications, and scientific culture transcending traditional communication methods. Simultaneously, this model emphasizes bringing researchers into enterprises and schools, integrating scientific achievements into national and public life, and extending scientific culture to remote villages. The successful application of this model offers valuable insights for the scientific communication strategies of other major national scientific and technological infrastructures. Moreover, it supports the conversion of scientific research outcomes into drives of social and economic development, advancing national science and technology strategies and enhancing China's global influence in science and technology culture.