全球锂资源分布、产业现状和中国面临的挑战与对策

Challenges and countermeasures for lithium resources in China and analysis of global distribution and industry status

        窦立荣^1,2(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083;中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司 北京 100034)
        刘化清¹(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083)
        常德宽^1*(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083)
        高建虎¹(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083)
        何润¹(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083)
        潘辉¹(中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083)

         锂资源;锂矿需求;产业政策;技术方向;挑战;对策

        lithium resource;lithium ore demand;industrial policy;technical direction;challenges;countermeasures

        在全球新能源产业迅速崛起的背景下，锂资源的战略重要性日益增强。锂作为电动汽车、储能电池等核心领域不可或缺的关键原材料，其供应链的安全性对国家的产业经济发展具有直接影响。全球的锂资源储量主要富集在几个关键国家，包括智利、阿根廷、玻利维亚和澳大利亚等；中国虽然拥有一定规模的锂储量，但面临开采难度高、环保要求严苛和品位较低等问题，导致在保障国内需求方面存在挑战，对外部锂资源依存度居高不下。作为全球最大的锂消费市场之一，中国针对锂金属需求的急剧增长，制定了多项政策规划，大力推动相关企业提升锂资源的保供能力。然而，全球锂资源逐渐被少数国际企业垄断，同时锂资源国强化了对锂金属的战略布局，使得中国锂资源供应潜在风险大增。文章从全球锂资源分布与产业现状，中国锂资源情况与产业现状开展调研，深入剖析中国锂资源的具体情况和产业发展实况，并揭示中国锂产业发展面临的挑战。在此基础上，为保障中国锂产业链安全提出应对策略，指出未来发展方向。

        With the rapid development of the global new energy industry, the strategic significance of lithium mineral resources is becoming increasingly pronounced. As a crucial material essential to the primary sectors of electric vehicles and energy storage batteries, the security of the lithium supply chain directly influences the industrial and economic development of the country. Global lithium resource reserves are primarily concentrated in several key countries, including Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Australia. Although China possesses a significant amount of lithium reserves, it faces challenges such as high mining difficulty, stringent environmental protection regulations, and low ore grades. These factors contribute to the difficulties in meeting domestic demand and result in a high dependence on external lithium resources. As one of the world's largest consumers of lithium, China has responded to the surge in demand for lithium metal by implementing a series of policies and initiatives aimed at encouraging enterprises to enhance their capacity to secure lithium resources. However, as global lithium resources become increasingly monopolized by a few international companies, countries rich in lithium have strengthened their strategic positioning in the lithium market, which raises potential risks for China's supply of lithium resources. This study conducts research on the distribution of global lithium resources and the current status of the industry, as well as China's lithium resources and industry status. It analyzes the specific circumstances surrounding China's lithium resources and industrial development, revealing the challenges facing the growth of China's lithium industry. Based on this analysis, a strategy is proposed for China's lithium industry to ensure energy security and a direction is outlined for future development.