北极矿产资源开发利用及中国应对

Development and utilization of mineral resources in the Arctic and China’s strategic countermeasures

        苏轶娜(中国自然资源经济研究院 北京 101149)

         北极地区;油气资源;战略性矿产;资源安全;国际竞争力

        the Arctic region;oil and gas;strategic minerals;resource security;international competitiveness

        北极地区蕴藏丰富的油气、铁、铜、镍等战略性矿产资源，北极航道一旦开通，将成为继苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河之后连接太平洋和大西洋的重要运输通道，有望重塑世界海上贸易运输格局。随着科学技术发展、资源需求增加和国际环境变化，北极战略地位日益凸显，美国、俄罗斯、欧盟等国家和地区已经在该区域展开系列博弈。目前，北极陆地归北极八国所有且主权明确，但公海领域还有发展空间。对于中国而言，北极矿产资源开发利用存在系列战略机遇，不仅关系未来能源资源新空间的拓展，也关系未来海上运输通道新格局的重塑，还关系资源强国和海洋强国建设，以及能源资源安全和国际舞台地位。亟待加强北极研究，积极融入该地区的国际事务，为国家未来发展奠定基础。

        There are abundant strategic mineral resources as oil, gas, iron ore, copper, and nickel in the Arctic region. If the Arctic routes can be opened in the future, they will become another important transportation channels connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, following the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal, which may reshape the world’s maritime trade and transportation pattern. With the development of science and technology, increase in mineral resources consumption and changes in the international environment, the strategic position of the Arctic region is increasingly elevated, and the United States, Russia and some other countries of the European Union are engaging in fierce competition in above-mentioned region. At present, the Arctic continent is owned by eight Arctic countries and territorial sovereignty is clear. However, there still is a development space in public sea. In the future, there will be many strategic opportunities for China in areas of energy and minerals development and utilization, expanding new resources space, reshaping maritime transport channel, becoming a minerals and maritime power of the world, improving resource security level, and enhancing international status. It is necessary to strengthen research on participating in international affairs and exploiting energy and minerals in the Arctic region, which lays foundation for national development.