青藏高原生态安全屏障体系优化

Optimization for Qinghai-Xizang Plateau ecological security barrier system

        傅伯杰^1*(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
        刘焱序²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        赵文武²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        冯晓明¹(中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085)
        刘世梁³(北京师范大学 环境学院 北京 100875)
        缪驰远²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        王旭辉⁴(北京大学 城市与环境学院 北京 100871)
        何春阳²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        李长嘉²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        叶爱中²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        胡中民⁵(海南大学 生态学院 海口 570228)
        刘志锋²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)
        周丁扬²(北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875)

         自然保护地;国家公园;生态工程;生态系统功能;情景预测;可持续发展

        protected area system;national park;ecological engineering;ecosystem function;scenario forecast;sustainable development

        生态安全屏障体系是一个维持区域内、外生态安全与可持续发展的复合体系，生态安全屏障能够保持生态系统结构、功能不受或少受外界干扰胁迫的状态，形成多层次和有序化的稳定格局。研究表明，2000—2020年青藏高原生态系统水源涵养功能呈上升趋势，土壤保持量、净生态系统生产力和生境质量总体稳定。对比前期3个国家公园和4大类生态保护修复工程，建议到2035年在青藏高原建设13个国家公园、约200个自然保护区和约250个自然公园；围绕自然保护地体系建设进程，动态调整生态保护红线和城镇增长边界；在8项生态保护修复重大工程实施区域中突出生态保护的主体地位，重视自然恢复措施和部分地区的草地修复，依循自然环境变化规律“让自然做功”优化青藏高原生态安全屏障。

        The ecological security barrier system is a composite system to maintain ecological security and sustainable development within and outside the region. This system enables the maintenance of the structure and function of the ecosystem in the ecological security barrier region relatively shielded from or minimally impacted by external environmental threats, so that forms a multilevel and orderly stable pattern. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, the ecosystem water conservation function was on the rise, and the soil conservation function, net ecosystem productivity, and habitat quality were generally stable in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Comparing the previous three national parks and four major types of ecological protection and restoration projects, it is proposed to build 13 national parks, about 200 nature reserves and about 250 nature parks on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by 2035. It is suggested a dynamic adjustment of the ecological protection red line and urban growth boundary according to the construction process of the system of natural protected areas. In the implementation areas of eight major ecological protection and restoration projects, the main position of ecological protection is highlighted, and natural restoration measures and local grassland restoration in some areas are important. The management of different natural protected areas and ecological protection and restoration projects should be place based, and optimizing the ecological security barrier of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by “working with nature” in accordance with the natural law of environmental changes.