ChatGPT在教育领域应用的伦理风险及挑战

Ethical risks and challenges of ChatGPT applications in education

        范静波*(对外经济贸易大学 政府管理学院 北京 100029)
        梁慧(对外经济贸易大学 政府管理学院 北京 100029)

         自然语言;教育公平;现实机遇;伦理风险

        natural language;educational equity;realistic opportunities;ethical risks

        ChatGPT是自然语言处理领域的一项典型运用，具有赋能教育、革新教育的潜力。它不仅能够作为学生的数字导师，还能成为教师的虚拟助手，推动学生学习方式与教师教学范式的变革。此外，ChatGPT在科研领域也展现出了广泛的应用前景。然而，在带来教育发展机遇的同时，ChatGPT给教育公平带来了伦理风险与挑战。（1） ChatGPT可能加剧数字鸿沟，带来教育起点的不公平；（2） ChatGPT存在知识异化、算法黑箱与算法歧视、个人隐私与数据泄露等风险，损害教育过程的公平性；（3）ChatGPT可能阻碍学生的全面发展，弱化师生关系，带来学术诚信问题，从而阻碍教育结果公平的实现；（4）ChatGPT还可能对教师职业发展构成冲击。为有效应对上述伦理风险及挑战，文章提出了推动ChatGPT技术与教育深度融合的系列举措，以期有效推动智能技术在教育领域的合理运用。

        ChatGPT is a typical application in the field of natural language processing, with the potential to empower and revolutionize education. It can serve not only as a digital tutor for students but also as a virtual assistant for teachers, driving the transformation of student learning methods and teaching paradigms. Additionally, ChatGPT shows a wide range of applications in the research field. However, while bringing opportunities for educational development, ChatGPT also poses ethical risks and challenges to educational equity. Firstly, ChatGPT may exacerbate the digital divide, leading to unequal educational opportunities. Secondly, it presents risks such as knowledge alienation, algorithmic black-box issues, algorithmic discrimination, personal privacy concerns, and data breaches, all of which can undermine the fairness of the educational process. Moreover, ChatGPT might hinder the holistic development of students, weaken teacher-student relationships, and raise issues of academic integrity, thereby impeding the achievement of equitable educational outcomes. Lastly, ChatGPT may also impact the professional development of teachers. To effectively address these ethical risks and challenges, a series of measures are proposed to promote the deep integration of ChatGPT technology with education, aiming to ensure its reasonable application in the educational field.