山地灾害大尺度动力学模拟实验平台

Large-scale experimental platform for dynamic simulation of mountain hazards (LEADS)

        周公旦¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610029)
        崔鹏^1*(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610029)
        吴宏伟²(香港科技大学 香港 999077)
        游勇¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610029)
        钟卫¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610029)
        宋东日¹(中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610029)
        周垂一³(中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 杭州 310014)
        沈宏伟³(中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 杭州 310014)
        尚明生⁴(中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 重庆 400714)
        张学睿⁴(中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 重庆 400714)

         山地灾害;实验平台;物理模拟;大尺度;动力过程

        mountain hazards;experimental platform;physical modelling;large scale;dynamic process

        山地灾害体是复杂颗粒物质和流体所组成的多相介质。山地灾害物理模拟的尺度效应和相似性问题是关系颗粒物质动力学和防灾减灾研究的核心难题。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下，中国科学院东川泥石流观测研究站、云南东川泥石流国家野外科学观测研究站于2024年在昆明市东川区蒋家沟建成了山地灾害大尺度动力学模拟实验平台（LEADS平台），这是全世界山地灾害物理模拟规模最大、自动化监测程度最高、系统数据采集同步性最佳的实验平台。LEADS平台充分满足山地灾害多相介质模拟的相似性准则、准确反映复杂介质的动力演化机制和防治工程体的调控机理、可以有效地指导工程设计，是我国减灾领域的国之重器，将成为山地灾害动力学研究和新型防治工程结构研发、测试、推广的实验示范基地。

        Mountain hazards involve complex multiphase media composed of granular materials and fluids. The challenges related to scale effects and similarity issues in physical modelling of these hazards are key problems in both fundamental research on dynamics of granular materials and applied research in disaster prevention and mitigation. Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ key scientific infrastructure construction project at the field station network, the National Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation and Research Station in Jiangjia Gully, Dongchuan District, Kunming City completed the construction of the large-scale experimental platform on dynamic simulation of mountain hazards (LEADS) in 2024. This platform is the world’s largest, most automated, and best synchronized system for data collection among international advanced experimental platforms for physical modelling of mountain hazards. The LEADS platform fully adheres to the similarity criteria for simulating multiphase media in mountain hazards, accurately reveals the dynamic evolution mechanisms of these media as well as the regulation mechanisms of mitigation structures, and effectively aids in the engineering design. LEADS serves as a national treasure in China’s disaster reduction field and is set to become a demonstration base for basic and fundamental research on mountain hazards dynamics and for the development, testing, and promotion of new disaster prevention and control structures. It will significantly promote the research level of mountain hazards in China and will lead the development of the relevant scientific fields.