新阶段美国清洁能源战略解构与比较研究

Research and implications of the US clean energy strategy

        李岚春^1,2(中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 100190)
        刘清^1,2(中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 100190)
        陈伟^1,2*(中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 100190)
        汤匀¹(中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071)
        陈俊¹(中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071)

         清洁能源;战略;政策范式;美国;科技创新

        clean energy;strategy;policy paradigm;US;scientific and technological innovation

        当前美国政府积极推行清洁能源革命战略，系统解析美国战略部署的内在逻辑和实现路径，对我国深入推进能源革命具有现实意义。在系统论和政策范式理论基础上，文章选取政策目标、治理机制、政策工具三要素，设计提出宏观—中观—微观的战略政策研究框架模型。结果显示，美国将清洁能源作为实施气候安全“国策”的核心，聚焦科技创新、供应链安全、基础设施战略目标，构建政府统筹下跨机构决策、组织管理创新、全社会参与的推进机制，采用技术清单、规划蓝图、全链攻关、创新主体等政策工具。根据美国相关经验，并结合我国实际，建议强化宏观战略目标、完善创新推进机制，通过凝练若干技术清单、更新发展路线图，强化、重组或设立专项研究计划稳定支持，有组织推进战略科技力量技术攻关，推动国际深度合作等举措，建构全方位一体化清洁能源创新路径。

        As the world enters a new period of carbon neutrality, the US government is actively building a clean energy innovation ecosystem through both internal and external measures. Systematically tracking and in-depth analysis of the intent, structure, approach, and other characteristics of the new phase of the US clean energy strategy is of practical significance to Chinese energy revolution. The US focuses on the strategic objectives of science and technology innovation, energy security, and infrastructure, and has constructed an innovation ecology characterized by technology lists, planning blueprints, full-chain research, and innovative subjects from the perspective of whole-government coordination, cross-institutional decision-making, deep research, and development organization, and participation of the whole society. It is recommended that China should strengthen its macro-strategic objectives, improve its innovation promotion mechanism, construct an all-round integrated innovation path by condensing a number of technology lists, updating the development roadmap, reinforcing, restructuring or setting up a special research plan to stabilize support, organizing and promoting the technological research of strategic scientific and technological forces, and promoting in-depth international cooperation, among other initiatives.