“十五五”时期我国生态地区的战略格局与优化

Strategic pattern and optimization of China’s eco-regions during Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period

        周侃^1,2*(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049)
        樊杰^1,2,3(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        周道静^3*(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        钱者东⁴(生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 南京 210042)
        虞虎^1,2,3(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        刘汉初³(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        张健^1,2(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049)

         生态地区;重点生态功能区;“十五五”时期;战略格局;生态文明

        ecological regions;key ecological function areas;Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period;strategic patterns;ecological civilization

        自主体功能区规划实施以来，重点生态功能区生态空间持续扩张、植被覆盖显著增加，人口呈总量减少、城镇人口增加双向变化，经济社会发展取得显著成效，生态安全屏障功能稳步提升、人地关系紧张状态总体缓解。“十五五”时期，坚持以提供生态服务或生态产品为主的功能定位，稳固生态系统供给、调节、支持及文化服务规模；同时，更加注重其服务质量提升，形成更具多样性、稳定性、可持续性的生态基底，并兼容绿色化、低碳化的生态产品开发利用功能，形成推进人与自然和谐共生现代化的包容性保护方式。“十五五”时期，生态地区不仅是国土空间新安全格局的重要组成，还将是国土空间新发展格局的关键支撑。优化建议：从战略格局层面，增强生态安全屏障与国土空间开发格局的空间联系与供需互动，筑牢国家生态安全屏障，优化重点生态功能区格局，整合自然保护地体系，严守生态保护红线；以分类提升生态系统服务功能质量、深入实施山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复、积极培育绿色发展新动能、加快形成精细化分区管控体系、协同推进体制机制改革创新为重点，以高水平保护支撑生态地区高质量发展。

        Since the implementation of the major function oriented zoning, the ecological space of key ecological functional areas has continuously expanded, with a significant increase in vegetation coverage. Concurrently, there has been a dual change in population dynamics, characterized by a decrease in total population and an increase in the urban population. Furthermore, significant achievements have been made in economic and social development, and there has been a steady improvement in the functions of ecological security barriers, contributing to an alleviation of tension in human-environment relationships. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is imperative to adhere to the functional orientation primarily focused on providing ecological services or products. While consolidating provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services, there is an increased emphasis on enhancing the quality of these services, thereby constructing a more diversified, stable, and sustainable ecological foundation. Furthermore, exploring compatible functions of eco-product development and utilization promote greening and decarbonization, aiming to establish an inclusive conservation approach that advances modernization characterized by harmony between humanity and nature. In the 15th Five-Year Plan period, ecological regions will not only be crucial components of the new territorial security pattern but also pillars of the new territorial development pattern. Optimization recommendations are as follows. From the perspective of strategic patterns, it is necessary to enhance the spatial connection and supply-demand interaction between ecological security barriers and the territorial development pattern. In detail, continued efforts are needed to consolidate the national ecological security barriers, optimize the pattern of key ecological functional areas, integrate the system of natural protected areas, and strictly adhere to ecological conservation red lines. Moreover, a greater focus should be on upgrading quality of ecosystem service functions through classification, fully implementing the holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sand, actively fostering new growth drivers for green development, accelerating the establishment of a refined zoning control system, and synergistically advancing reforms and innovations of institutions and mechanisms. These measures aim to support high-quality development in ecological regions through high-standard protection.