关于科技助力南方乡村振兴智慧农业发展模式的思考

Smart agricultural development model with science and technology facilitated rural revitalization in southern China

        张玉成^1*(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
        吴威²(北京国科伏羲科技有限公司 北京 100080)
        代锋¹(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
        李蕾¹(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
        高树琴¹(中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190)
        赵心刚³(中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864)

         智慧农业;南方丘陵山区;乡村振兴;产业发展

        smart agriculture;southern hilly and mountainous areas;rural revitalization;industrial development

        乡村振兴是实现中华民族伟大复兴的一项重大任务。农业是乡村的根本，发展智慧农业是实现乡村振兴的重要手段。南方丘陵山区是我国土地石漠化的集中分布区，农业基础条件劣势明显，是我国乡村振兴难啃的“硬骨头”。在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、持续推进乡村振兴的重要时期，在物联网、人工智能、大数据等高新技术蓬勃发展的大背景下，南方丘陵山区如何实现信息化，如何走出一条合理的现代化农业农村发展道路，如何以农业发展带动农村和美、农民富裕，是当下急需思考和解决的问题。文章立足南方丘陵山区人口、耕地、地形地貌等基本现状，深入剖析限制南方丘陵山区农业发展的痛点，围绕智慧农业的智能感知、智能通信、智能决策、智能作业全流程环节，借助信息化、智能化手段，提出我国南方丘陵山区发展智慧农业的思路和步骤，形成一套助力南方乡村振兴的智慧农业发展模式，并以贵州省水城区为例进行示范，以期全面展开推广。最后，围绕南方丘陵山区发展智慧农业的短板和挑战，提出4点发展建议。

        Rural revitalization is a major task in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Agriculture is the foundation of rural areas, and developing smart agriculture is an important means to realize rural revitalization. The southern hilly and mountainous areas are the concentrated distribution areas of land desertification in China, with obvious disadvantages in agricultural infrastructure, large poverty areas, and deep poverty levels. They are the “hard bones” that are difficult to tackle in rural revitalization in China. In the important period of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and continuously promoting rural revitalization, under the background of the vigorous development of high technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data, the issues that urgently need to be thought about and solved include: how to realize informatization in the southern hills and mountains, how to find a reasonable path of modern agricultural and rural development, and how to drive rural peace and prosperity with agricultural development. Based on the basic status quo of population, cultivated land, and landforms in the southern hills and mountains, this study analyzes thoroughly the pain points that limit the development of agriculture in the southern hills and mountains. Focusing on the whole process of intelligent perception, intelligent communication, intelligent decision-making and intelligent operation of smart agriculture, it proposes ideas and steps for developing smart agriculture in the southern hills and mountains of China with the help of information and intelligent means. With the aim to form a set of smart agriculture development model to help rural revitalization in southern China, it will take Shuicheng County in Guizhou Province as an example to demonstrate before promoting it in an all-round way on a large scale. Finally, focusing on the shortcomings and challenges of the development of smart agriculture in the southern hills and mountains, four development suggestions are put forward.