国外技术出口管制演进分析与应对策略研究

Research on evolution and countermeasures of international technology export controls

        贺德方¹(中国科技评估与成果管理研究会 北京 100081)
        李广建²(北京大学 北京 100871)
        汤富强³(人力资源和社会保障部国外人才研究中心 北京 100038)
        杨芳娟^4*(科技部科技评估中心 北京 100081)

         技术出口管制;演进分析;应对策略

        technology export control;evolution analysis;countermeasures

        对涉及国家安全和利益的技术实施严格的出口管制是国际通行做法。近年来，随着大国竞争博弈加剧，美国、欧洲、日本等发达国家和地区纷纷调整其技术出口管制政策。在总结国外技术出口管制演进历程的基础上，重点分析了美西方国家对华技术出口管制的最新动向和对我国科技创新的影响。从完善技术出口管制制度体系、强化战略性技术攻关能力、优化自主创新生态环境等方面提出了应对策略和政策建议。

        Imposing strict export control on technologies related to national security and interests is common international practice. In recent years, with the increasingly fierce international competition, developed countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan are adjusting their technology export control policies. On the basis of summarizing the evolution of technology export control system in major developed countries and regions, this study mainly analyzes the latest trend of technology export control of western countries such as the United States and its impact on China’s science and technology innovation. Finally, countermeasures and policy suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of improving technology export control system, strengthening strategic technology research ability, and optimizing independent and controllable ecological environment.