河西走廊绿洲生态建设和农业发展的若干思考与建议

Thoughts and Suggestions on Oasis Ecological Construction and Agricultural Development in Hexi Corridor

        赵文智 任珩 杜军 杨荣 杨淇越 刘鹄

         绿洲，水资源，生态建设，农业发展，耕地面积，河西走廊

        oasis, water resources, ecological construction, agricultural development, cultivated area, Hexi Corridor

        绿洲化是干旱区绿洲时空演变的外在表现，区域水资源承载力是制约绿洲农业与干旱区生态保护的关键。河西走廊既是我国东联西出的重要通道，也是区域发展的重要载体；既是我国西北重要的生态屏障，又是西北地区典型灌溉农业区。经过 70 多年的建设，河西走廊在社会进步、交通条件、生态建设和农业发展等方面取得了非常显著的成就，但水资源越来越成为制约区域可持续发展的因子。文章在分析河西走廊绿洲生态建设和农业发展存在问题的基础上，提出应以水量确定绿洲规模，并将 20%—30% 的水资源作为生态用水。建议在目前的水资源供给条件下，合理配置水土资源，提升绿洲质量、控制绿洲规模；适当建立低耗水的荒漠河岸植被带和环沙漠边缘的雨养防沙体系；加强荒漠植被原真性和完整性保护，尽量减少对荒漠植被的干扰，以保护河西走廊生态屏障的安全稳定和绿洲农业可持续发展。

        Oasisization is an external manifestation of the temporal and spatial evolution of oasis in arid areas, and the regional water carrying capacity is the key to restricting oasis agriculture and ecological protection in arid areas. The Hexi Corridor is not only an important passage from the east to the west in China, but also an important carrier of regional development; it is not only an important ecological barrier in Northwest China, but also a typical irrigated agricultural area. After more than 60 years of construction, the Hexi Corridor has made remarkable achievements in social progress, traffic conditions, ecological construction and agricultural development, but water resources have increasingly become a restricting factor of the sustainable development in the area. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the ecological construction and agricultural development of the oasis in the Hexi Corridor, this study proposes that the scale of the oasis should be determined by the amount of water, and 20%–30% of the water resources should be used as ecological water. Under the current water supply conditions, this study suggests allocating water and soil resources rationally, improving the quality of oasis, and controlling the scale of oasis; properly establishing a low-water-consumption desert riparian vegetation zone and a rain-fed sand control system around the desert margin; strengthening the authenticity of desert vegetation and integrity protection, minimizing the disturbance to desert vegetation, thus to protect the safety and stability of the ecological barrier of the Hexi Corridor and the sustainable development of oasis agriculture.