德国生物圈保护区发展经验及对中国的建议

Analysis of Germany’s Experience on Development of Biosphere Reserves and Suggestions to China

        先义杰 刘宁 乔娜 房强 韩群力 王丁

         人与生物圈计划，生物圈保护区，自然保护地，可持续发展，申报和阶段性评估，国家战略

        Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), biosphere reserve, protected area, sustainable development, nomination and periodic review, national strategy

        德国将生物圈保护区融入国家可持续发展战略，在全国范围内建成了一个模范的生物圈保护区体系，成为维护国家生态系统稳定、探索资源可持续利用、创新社会发展模式、繁荣地方经济及开展人-地关系综合研究的重要平台。德国的经验体现在：具有深厚的自然保护地建设历史积累；官方及民间深刻理解认识到“人与生物圈计划”（MAB）的理念及生物圈保护区价值，并重视相关传播普及工作；国家及地方从政治法律、科学研究和国际合作方面支持有力；充分体现生物圈保护区的示范价值；在生物圈保护区的申报和阶段性评估中有所创新。基于德国的经验，建议中国有关部门：提升 MAB 及其生物圈保护区的公众认知度；强化国家支持力度，推动生物圈保护区“中国模式”的打造；推动生物圈保护区被纳入新时期自然保护地法制化体系进程；制定申报和阶段性评估的国家标准；加强国际交流与合作，共同打造不同国家间差异化的生物圈保护区发展模式，以有助于开创 MAB 发展新局面，促进人类命运共同体建设。

        Germany has integrated biosphere reserves into the national strategy of sustainable development, and has built an outstanding biosphere reserve system nationwide, which has played a key role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem, exploring sustainable use of natural resources, innovating social development models, prospering local economies and providing an important platform to carry out comprehensive research on human and nature relationship. The experience of Germany includes: long and solid accumulation in the development of protected areas; deep understanding from authorities and the folk of the concept of Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the value of biosphere reserves, and more attention to their dissemination and popularization; strong support from federal and local governments in areas of politics, legislation, scientific research and international cooperation; full reflection of the demonstration value of biosphere reserves; innovative in the nomination and periodic review of biosphere reserves. Based on Germany’s experience, suggestions to China authorities include: enhancing awareness of the public about MAB and biosphere reserves; strengthening national support and promoting the creation of the “Chinese model” in the area of biosphere reserves; incorporating biosphere reserves into the legislation of protected area system underway; establishing national norms for the nomination and periodic review; strengthening international exchanges and cooperation, and jointly creating differentiated models of biosphere reserves development, so as to help pave a way for further development of MAB, and enable to establish a community of shared future for mankind.