中国亚洲象生态廊道建设构想及相关保护建议

Conception on Asian elephant ecological corridor planning with implications for conservation

        李学友(中国科学院昆明动物研究所 遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室 昆明 650201)
        于秋鹏(中国科学院昆明动物研究所 遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室 昆明 650201)
        胡哲畅(中国科学院昆明动物研究所 遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室 昆明 650201)
        蒋学龙*(中国科学院昆明动物研究所 遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室&云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室 昆明 650201)

         亚洲象;生态廊道;保护;人象冲突

        Asian elephant;corridor;conservation;human-elephant conflict

        为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”和“山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体”协调发展的理念，文章以党的二十大报告中提出的“推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生”为理论指导，以提升生态系统完整性与连通性、增进种群交流、提高种群生存力、建设旗舰物种生态廊道提供示范为目标，基于亚洲象种群分布现状及栖息地选择策略，按照“获取物种分布—识别源地斑块和阻力面—基于最小成本路径模型构建廊道—通过电流模型分析廊道中心度、生态夹点和障碍点—实地勘察—调整优化生态廊道设计—推荐廊道建设设计方案—对野生动物利用生态廊道开展长期监测”的技术流程，提出了亚洲象生态廊道建设构想及相关保护建议。上述构想和建议服务于“加大生态系统保护力度”“优化生态安全屏障体系，构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络”的战略布局，可为亚洲象种群的科学保护和有效管理提供技术支撑，为栖息地恢复与拟建亚洲象国家公园等自然保护地的布局提供科学依据。

        In order to practice the concept of coordinated development of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets” and “mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts are part of the community of life”, this study takes “pursuing green development and promoting harmony between humanity and nature” proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as the theoretical guidance. With the goal of enhancing ecosystem integrity and connectivity, enhancing population communication, enhancing population viability, and providing a model for the construction of ecological corridors for flagship species, based on the current distribution and habitat selection strategies of Asian elephants, the study follows the technological process of “Obtaining species distribution—Identifying habitat sources and resistance surface relating to elephant distribution—Constructing corridors based on the least cost path model—Extracting corridor centrality, pinch points, and barrier through circuit theory—Field investigation and validation—Adjusting and optimizing corridor design—Recommending corridor construction design scheme—Carrying out long-term monitoring of wildlife utilization of corridors”, and suggests construction idea of Asian elephant ecological corridor and related conservation advices. Above conceptions and advice serve for the strategic layout of “intensifying the protection of ecosystems”, “improving the system of shields for ecological security, and developing corridors and biodiversity protection networks”, providing technical support for scientific protection and effective management of Asian elephant population, offering a scientific basis for habitat restoration and layout of planned national parks and other protected area.