重大自然灾害后心理危机干预体系建设探讨

Probe into mental health issues caused by major natural disasters and crisis interventions

        孙艳坤(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        宫艺邈(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        黄薛冰(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        钱英(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        孙思伟(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        陈红光(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)
        陆林*(北京大学第六医院 北京 100191)

         重大自然灾害;心理危机干预;幸存者;遇难者家属;目击者;救援人员

        major natural disasters;psychological crisis intervention;survivors;victims’ families;witnesses;rescuers

        重大自然灾害不仅会造成严重的人员伤亡和社会损失，也会带来一系列的心理创伤。及时、有效的灾后心理危机干预可以避免灾难给幸存者、遇难者家属、目击者、救援人员等人群的心理健康造成不可磨灭的损伤。文章概述了重大自然灾害对心理健康状况的影响，以及灾后心理危机的特点；总结了既往灾后心理危机干预的工作经验，并提出了灾后心理危机干预建议，如进一步完善心理危机干预的法律制度、明确政府在心理危机干预工作中的角色、建立并完善我国重大自然灾害后的心理危机干预网络和体系、建立完整和高质量的心理危机干预队伍等。希望文章能为日后的灾后心理危机干预工作提供更多理论依据。

        Major natural disasters not only cause severe personnel casualties and social losses, but also bring long-lasting mental health issues related to psychological trauma. Timely and efficient post-disaster crisis interventions can avoid indelible psychological damages that disasters bring to populations such as survivors, victims’ families, witnesses, and rescuers. This article overviews the impact of major natural disasters on mental health and the characteristics of post-disaster psychological crisis. It also summarizes previous experience in post-disaster crisis interventions. In addition, it probes into future post-disaster crisis interventions, including improvement of the legal system for crisis intervention, clarification of the role of the government in crisis intervention, development and improvement of crisis intervention networks and systems, as well as formation of a versatile and high-quality crisis intervention team, etc. This article will provide a theoretical basis for future post-disaster crisis interventions.