重组后的全国重点实验室科技经费配置政策研究

Policy research on allocation of science and technology funds for state key laboratory after reorganization

        张渤^1,2,3(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 北京 100049;中国科学院 条件保障与财务局 北京 100864)
        王雪^4*(中国科学院 发展规划局 北京 100864)
        孙从理⁵(中国科学院微电子研究所 北京 100029)

         全国重点实验室;重组;科技经费配置;使命导向;一体化配置

        state key laboratory;reorganization;allocation of scientific and technological funds;mission oriented;integrated configuration

        全国重点实验室是国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，重组国家重点实验室体系是党中央作出的重大决策部署。党中央明确提出对重组后的全国重点实验室加大投入力度，改革完善支持政策。在实现高水平科技自立自强的目标背景下，研究新时期全国重点实验室资源配置问题具有重要现实和深远意义。历史上，我国对国家重点实验室资源配置存在经费配置与机构的使命定位关联性不强、竞争性经费占比较高等4方面问题。重组后的全国重点实验室具有定位清晰、使命导向等6项特征。为解决经费配置现状与重组后实验室目标特征、经费需求不相适应的问题，借鉴欧美国家实验室体系科技经费资源配置的有益经验，立足我国国情，有针对性地提出竞争前置、加强资源配置的横向统筹和纵向统筹等6条举措建议，以期为科技政策制定和实验室重组提供参考和借鉴。

        The state key laboratory is an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological strength. The CPC Central Committee made a major decision to reorganize the state key laboratory system, proposed to increase investment in the reorganized state key laboratory, and to reform support policies. Aiming to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels, studying the funds allocation of state key laboratory in the new era has important practical and far-reaching significance. In the previous practice, China’s allocation of funds for state key laboratory has 4 problems, such as weak correlation between fund allocation and the mission orientation of institutions, high proportion of competitive funds, and so on. The restructured state key laboratory has 6 characteristics, including clear positioning and mission oriented. In order to solve the problem of adaptation between the previous situation of funding allocation and the characteristics and funding needs of the current state key laboratories after restructuring, learn from the useful experience of allocation of science and technology funding resources in European and American national laboratory system, based on China’s national conditions, 6 targeted measures and suggestions are proposed, including competition ahead, horizontal coordination and vertical coordination to strengthen resource allocation, and so on, for providing reference for science and technology policy formulation and laboratory restructuring.