如何改进中国纯基础研究系统

How to improve pure basic research system in China?

        袁冉东(香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172)

         中等技术陷阱;纯基础研究;高质量发展;创新驱动;“三位一体”新模式;科学人口

        middle-technology trap;pure basic research;high-quality development;innovation-driven;three-pronged new development model;scientific population

        随着创新驱动型经济的发展，纯基础研究对科技创新和技术进步的促进作用越来越显著。新中国成立以来，中国在纯基础研究方面取得了很多进展，但在纯基础研究、应用技术和金融支持三大系统分工协作的“三位一体”新型发展模式中，纯基础研究总体来说是“软肋”所在。文章提出，要全面提升纯基础研究水平，首先必须厘清一些认识误区，然后要找到中国纯基础研究相对较弱的根本原因，并在此基础上制定改进纯基础研究的战略思路。中国的纯基础研究相对世界先进水平而言确实较为薄弱，但是相对落后的纯基础研究和所谓的被“卡脖子”没有直接的关系。被“卡脖子”主要还是技术不过关，隐性知识的积累和应用技术研发的投入还不够。文章认为，中国在发展真正的纯基础研究方面还没有开始发力，是中国纯基础研究相对落后的根本原因，也因此潜力巨大。随着中国综合国力的上升，在能力允许的范围内逐渐加大对纯基础研究的投入，是符合中国和人类的长远利益的明智之举。文章指出，搞好纯基础研究的战略思路，在于做大“科学人口”的规模并使“科学人口”人尽其才。根据这一思路，文章论述了以满足教育、管理和“软基建”三大必要条件为核心的从根本上提升中国纯基础研究水平的具体策略。

        A major pillar of the new innovation-driven three-pronged development model is pure basic research. With the development of an innovation-driven economy, pure basic research has become increasingly important in promoting scientific and technological progress. In the past few decades, China has made a lot of progress in pure basic research. However, in the new three-pronged development model consisting of the pure basic research system, the applied technology system and the financial support system, pure basic research is generally where China’s weakness lies. This study proposes that in order to comprehensively improve China’s pure basic research capabilities, we must first clarify some misunderstandings, and then find the fundamental reasons why China’s pure basic research is relatively weak, and on this basis, formulate strategies for improving pure basic research. China’s pure basic research is indeed relatively weak compared to the advanced level in the world, but China’s relatively backward pure basic research is not directly related to the problem of the so-called being taken by the throat. The main reason for being taken by the throat is that China’s technology level is not good enough due to insufficient accumulation of tacit knowledge and investment in research and development in applied technology. This study argues that China has not yet begun to make efforts in developing pure basic research in a real sense, which is the fundamental reason why China’s pure basic research is relatively backward. Precisely because China has not yet begun to exert its efforts in pure basic research, China’s potential in this area is huge. As China’s comprehensive national strength rises, it is a wise move to gradually increase investment in pure basic research, which is in line with the long-term interests of China and mankind. This study points out that the key strategy for improving China’s pure basic research is to enlarge the scientific population and make full use of their talents. Based on this idea, this study discusses specific strategies to improve the education system, the management system and soft infrastructure, in order to fundamentally improve the level of pure basic research in China.