东亚经济体成功跨越“中等技术陷阱”的经验

How to bypass middle-technology trap: Lessons from successful experience of East Asian economies

        赖格(香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172)
        黄紫蓝*(香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172)
        袁浩延(香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172)

         中等技术陷阱;东亚经济体;技术进步;政策环境;科教人才系统;企业科创系统;金融系统

        middle-technology trap;East Asian economies;technological progress;policy environment;talent development system;enterprise-oriented innovation system;finance system

        20世纪后半叶，少数东亚经济体基于技术进步和产业升级成功跨越“中等技术陷阱”。这些经济体如何善用外来引进的技术，然后追赶、超越中等技术水平，步入技术进步的前沿？这段历史对我国跨越“中等技术陷阱”有着很强的启示作用。文章以日本、韩国、中国台湾和新加坡为研究对象，从外部及内部两方面梳理这些经济体成功的共同要素：从外部来看，这些经济体享有宽松自由的国际环境，人才、商品与资金的跨境流动成为技术扩散和创新的重要载体；从内部来看，这些经济体受益于逐步市场化的政策环境、高质量的教育体系与开放的人力资本，能够把基础科研成果转化为应用技术的企业科创系统，以及具有本土特色的金融体系。

        In the second half of the 20th century, a few East Asian economies successfully bypassed the middle-technology trap through technological progress and industrial upgrading. How could these economies utilize foreign technology, thereby catching up with and surpassing the medium level of technological development, stepping into the edge of technological frontier? Their successful experience can be used by China to stride over the trap. This study analyzes the common elements of the success of these economies from both external and internal aspects. Externally, these economies happened to be benefited from an international business environment that is open and free. Consequently, the cross-border flow of talents, goods and capital became an important source of accelerator for technology diffusion and innovation. From the perspective of internal development, these economies were benefited from (1) a gradually market-oriented policy environment, (2) a high-quality education system and open system of human capital, as well as (3) an enterprise-oriented innovation system for applied science that can transform basic science into applied technologies, (4) a financial system with local characteristics.