改进中国科研制度和研发体系的“双轨制”构想

Concept of Dual-track System for enhancing China's scientific research institution and R&D system

        陈璐¹(香港中文大学(深圳) 人文社科学院 深圳 518172)
        黄平^2*(香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172)

         科研制度;研发体系;双轨制;民营企业;研究型大学

        scientific research institution;R&D system;dual-track system;private enterprises;universities

        通过对美国、德国、日本3种典型的科研制度和研发体系的梳理，文章归纳总结了科研制度和研发体系的六大共性特征，并基于此分析了中国科研制度和研发体系的现状和存在的问题。最后，文章提出要建立“双轨制”的科研制度和研发体系：一方面，建立面向民营部门的研发政策“新轨”，解决民企“为什么创新”、“在什么地方创新”和“怎么创新”的问题；另一方面，逐步改革面向研究型大学和科研机构的科研政策“老轨”，逐步推进“体制外”的研究型大学和科研机构、研究经费资助方、出版社和学术期刊的发展，倒逼“体制内”相关机构的体制改革。

        Through an analysis of the scientific research institution and R&D system of three typical models in the United States, Germany, and Japan, this study summarizes six common characteristics of the scientific research institution and R&D system. Based on this, it analyzes the current status and issues of China’s scientific research institution and R&D system. Finally, this study proposes the establishment of a dual-track scientific research institution and R&D system. On the one hand, it suggests creating a new track of R&D policies aimed at the private sector to address questions like why innovate, where to innovate, and how to innovate for private enterprises. On the other hand, it recommends gradually reforming the old track of policies for scientific research aimed at universities and research institutions, promoting the development of off-system universities and research institutions, research funding sponsors, as well as publishers and academic journals, to drive institutional reform within the on-system relevant institutions.