新时代科研范式变革的内涵及应对

Connotation and countermeasures of scientific research paradigm transformation in the new era

        杜鹏¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        赵秉钰^1,2(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)
        孙粒³(国家自然科学基金委员会 计划与政策局 北京 100085)
        沙小晶¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        张理茜¹(中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190)
        王孜丹^4*(军事科学院系统工程研究院 北京 100041)

         科研范式;科学共同体;复杂性;仿真模拟;数据科学;科研活动组织;学科

        scientific research paradigm;scientific community;complexity;simulation;data science;organization of scientific research activities;discipline

        文章从理论和实践层面对科研范式变革的主要内涵和重要影响进行综合性探讨。在理论层面上，从库恩及其代表作《科学革命的结构》入手，探讨“范式”概念的逻辑本质。在实践层面上，通过问卷调查和访谈等形式，调研、凝练出新时代科研范式变革的3个方面内涵：解决系统性复杂问题成为新时代科研范式变革主要驱动力，仿真模拟和数据科学可能成为推动科研范式变革的有效突破口，科研活动组织创新成为推动科研范式变革的基础。在此基础上，分析目前我国应对科研范式变革存在的问题，并提出相应的政策建议。

        The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the main connotation and important impact of scientific research paradigm change from both theoretical and practical perspectives. On the theoretical level, starting with Kuhn and his The Structures of the Scientific Revolution, this study explores the logical essence of the concept of “paradigm”. At the practical level, through various forms such as questionnaires and interviews, the three connotations of scientific research paradigm change in the new era have been condensed. Namely, solving systematic and complex problems has become the main driving force for scientific research paradigm change in the new era, simulation and data science may become effective breakthroughs in promoting scientific research paradigm change, and organizational innovation in scientific research activities has become the foundation for promoting scientific research paradigm change. On this basis, it analyzes the current problems in China’s response to the transformation of research paradigms, and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.