发展长穗偃麦草，建设“滨海草带”

Industrialization of Tall Wheatgrass for Construction of “Coastal Grass Belt”

        李宏伟¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        郑琪¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        王建林¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        孙宏勇²(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022)
        张可心¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        方红曼¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        邢雪荣¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        杨维才¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        曹晓风¹(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)
        刘小京²(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022)
        景海春³(中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
        种康³(中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
        李振声^1*(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101)

         长穗偃麦草;盐碱地;滨海草带;粮食安全;饲料粮安全

        tall wheatgrass;saline and alkaline land;Coastal Grass Belt;food security;forage security

        长穗偃麦草是一种多年生冷季型饲草，具有耐盐碱、耐涝、耐旱和生物量大等特点。 20 世纪 50 年代引入我国后，长期用作小麦远缘杂交的野生亲本。尽管 20 世纪 80—90 年代也曾引种，但至今在我国未实现大面积种植，也没有审定品种。 2020 年，李振声提出利用环渤海地区的滨海盐碱荒地建设“滨海草带”的设想，为我国长穗偃麦草产业化描绘了应用前景。文章介绍了我国长穗偃麦草的产业化背景、主要生物学特性、国内外产业发展历程及现状，并提出了关于我国长穗偃麦草产业化发展的建议：通过建立长穗偃麦草“滨海草带”示范样板、商品草生产示范基地和养畜示范场，带动长穗偃麦草产业发展；培育龙头公司，形成“龙头公司+专业合作社/种植大户”的完整产业链。 此外，还就加强基础研究、加快自主品种选育、实现种子产业化，加大政策资金及科技人才投入等方面提出了建议。 “滨海草带” 不仅可弥补我国优质饲草缺口，还可提供生态屏障，保护生态环境。

        Tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata) is a perennial cool-season bunchgrass with high productivity and tolerance to salt and alkali, waterlogging, and drought. Since first introduced into China in 1950s, tall wheatgrass has long been used as a wild parent for distant hybridization with wheat (Triticum aestivum). During 1980s-1990s, a few tall wheatgrass varieties were introduced to China as forage grass, nonetheless, currently they are still not widely cultivated and no variety was certificated. In 2020, Zhensheng Li put forward a proposal to construct “Coastal Grass Belt” on saline and alkaline soils in the Circum-Bohai sea region, which provides an opportunity for the industrialization of tall wheatgrass in China. This paper introduces the background, main characteristics, history and status of tall wheatgrass and put forward suggestions for industrialization of tall wheatgrass in China. In order to promote utilization of tall wheatgrass in China, the authors suggested constructing demonstration models of “Coastal Grass Belt” and demonstration farms for livestock in the “Coastal Grass Belt” targeted area. Leading companies should be fostered to form a complete industrial chain of “leading companies + professional cooperatives/large growers”. In addition, basic research, breeding, and seed industrialization should be carried out and accelerated. Meantime, policy and funds from government's support should also be considered. “Coastal Grass Belt” can not only solve the shortage of high-quality forage grass in China, but also establish ecological barrier and protect the ecological environment.