气候变化的生态影响及适应对策

Ecological Impacts of Climate Change and Adaption Strategies

        万辛如¹(中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101)
        程超源¹(中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101)
        白德凤^1,2(中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 北京 100049)
        张知彬^1,3*(中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院生物互作卓越创新中心 北京 100049)

         联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC);第六次评估报告;中国气候变化蓝皮书;气候变化;生态影响;物种分布区迁移;生物多样性;生物灾害

        the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC);the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6);China Climate Chang Blue Book;climate change;ecological impacts;species range shift;biodiversity;bio-disasters

        2022年，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的第六次评估报告《气候变化2022：影响、适应和脆弱性》和中国气象局《中国气候变化蓝皮书（2022）》对外发布。文章简要介绍了其中有关气候变化的生态影响及适应对策的评估结果，并参考其他文献，介绍了有关中国的相关研究进展。第六次评估报告和相关研究表明，全球气候变暖及其引发的生态影响是十分显著的，主要包括：物候提前，植物生长季延长；物种分布区向极地移动或向高海拔地区移动、树线升高；物种局地灭绝或栖息地退缩；疫病发生频次或强度升高、范围扩大。这些生态影响在不同地区、不同类群间存在一定差异。全球要进一步采取必要的适应和减缓措施，应对不断加剧的气候变化对人类及其赖以生存的生态系统所带来的破坏与挑战。第六次评估报告和相关研究对我国如何应对气候变化也具有重要启示作用。为制定和提出科学合理的气候变化应对和缓解对策，我国急需进一步加强气候变化生态学及对策研究。

        In 2022, The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of Climate Change 2022:Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability and China Meteorological Administration issued China Climate Chang Blue Book (2022). This paper presents a brief summary of the assessment report on the ecological impacts of climate change and adaption strategies, and related studies of China by reviewing additional literature. The AR6 report and related studies indicate that the ecological impacts of climate warming are significant, including advancement of phenology, extension of plant growing season; species range shift towards high latitude or elevation, tree line moving towards the top of the hill; local extinction of species or habitat loss; increase in frequency, severity and range of disease outbreaks. These ecological impacts of climate change may differ between species or regions. The AR6 report and related studies highlight the urgent need to take necessary measures of adaption and mitigation and to deal with the damages or challenges of climate change to the ecosystems which humans live on. These reports and studies also provide important enlightenment to China in dealing with climate change. We need to strengthen studies of climate change biology so as to take scientific and effective measures of adaptation and mitigation to climate change.